9781422287767

Seas, Oceans, and Weather 13

3 Gentle breeze (7-10) 4 Moderate breeze (11-16)

Light flags extended. Leaves in motion. Large wavelets. Crests begin to break. Small branches moving. Dust raised. Small waves (1-4 ft) with numerous whitecaps. Small trees sway. Moderate waves (4-8 ft) with many whitecaps and some spray.

5 Fresh breeze (17-21)

6 Strong breeze (22-27)

Large branches in motion. Whistling wires.

7 Near gale (28-33) 8 Gale (34-40) 9 Strong gale (41-47)

Trees in motion. Walkers buffeted. Seas piling up. Foam (waves are 13-19 ft).

Twigs broken off trees. Difficult to walk.

Slight structural damage. Shingles may blow away. High waves (23-32 ft) with dense foam. Trees broken or uprooted. Considerable structural damage. Very high and heavy rolling waves (29-41 ft). Exceptionally high waves (37-52 ft). Foam patches cover the sea. Air filled with foam. Waves over 45 ft, with the sea completely white with driving spray.

10 Storm (48-55)

11 Violent Storm (56-63)

12 Hurricane (64+)