McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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P A R T 2  Chemotherapeutic agents

TABLE 9.9

DRUGS IN FOCUS Other antibiotics

Drug name

Dosage/route

Usual indications

Lincosamides

Adult: 150–300 mg PO q 6 hours or 600–2700 mg/day in two to four equal doses; reduce dose with renal impairment Paediatric: 8–25 mg/kg/day PO or 15–40 mg/ kg/day IM or IV in 3–4 divided doses Adult: 500 mg PO q 6–8 hours, 600 mg IM q 12–24 hours, or 600 mg to 1 g q 8–12 hours; reduce dose with renal impairment Paediatric: 30–60 mg/kg/day PO in 3–4 divided Adult: 500 mg/day IV or 500 mg–1 g/day PO Paediatric: 10 mg/kg PO as a single dose on day 1, then 5 mg/kg PO on day 2–5 or 30 mg/kg PO as a single dose Adult: 150–450 mg PO q 6 hours Paediatric: 15 mg/kg/day PO given q 12 hours for 10 days Adult: 15–20 mg/kg/day IV or PO Paediatric: 30–50 mg/kg/day PO in divided doses doses, 10 mg/kg IM q 12–24 hours, or 10–20 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses

clindamycin (Cleocin)

lincomycin (Lincocin)

Treatment of severe infections when penicillin or other less toxic antibiotics cannot be used

Macrolides azithromycin (Azith, Zedd, Zithromax)

Treatment of mild to moderate respiratory infections and urethritis in adults and otitis media and pharyngitis/tonsillitis in children Treatment of various respiratory, skin, sinus, and maxillary infections; effective against mycobacteria Treatment of infections in people allergic to penicillin; drug of choice for treatment of Legionnaire’s disease, infections caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Ureaplasma species, syphilis, mycoplasma pneumonia, and chlamydial infections Upper and lower respiratory tract infection, skin infection, tonsillitis, impetigo

clarithromycin (Clarac, Kalixocin)

erythromycin (E-Mycin, EES)

roxithromycin (Biaxsig, Rulide)

Adults: 300 mg/day PO Paediatric >40 kg:150 mg PO b.d.

24–40 kg: 100 mg PO b.d. 12–23 kg: 50 mg PO b.d. 6–11 kg: 25 mg PO b.d.

Monobactam

Adult: 500 mg to 1 g q 8–12 hours IM or IV; reduce dose in renal and hepatic impairment Paediatric: 30 mg/kg IM or IV q 6–8 hours

Treatment of gram-negative enterobacterial infections; safe alternative for treating infections caused by susceptible bacteria in people who may be allergic to penicillins or cephalosporins

aztreonam (Azactam)