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P A R T 2  Chemotherapeutic agents

Farrell, M. & Dempsey, J. (2014). Smeltzer & Bare’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (3rd edn). Sydney: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Ferguson, J. (2004). Antibiotic prescribing: How can emergence of antibiotic resistance be delayed? Australian Prescriber, 27 , 39–42. Gillespie, E., Rodrigues, A., Wright, L., Williams, N. & Stuart, R. L. (2013). Improving antibiotic stewardship by involving nurses. American Journal of Infection Control, 41(4) , 365–367. Klevens, R. M., Morrison, M. A., Nadle, J., Petit, S., Gershman, K., Ray, S., et al. (2007). Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298, 1763–1771. Liebert, W. & Rom, W. N. (2004). Principles of tuberculosis management. Tuberculosis. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Looke, D. F. M. & McDougall, D. A. J. (2012). Parenteral antibiotics at home. Australian Prescriber, 35(6) , 194–197. McKenna, L. (2012). Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy (1st Australian and New Zealand edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. McKenna, L. & Mirkov, S. (2014). McKenna’s Drug Handbook for Nursing and Midwifery (7th edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. McKenzie, D., Rawlins, M. & Del Mar, C. (2013). Antimicrobial stewardship: What’s it all about? Australian Prescriber, 36(4) , 116–120. NHMRC (2010) Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare. Commonwealth of Australia. www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/ cd33_complete.pdf. Porth, C. M. (2011). Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (3rd edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Porth, C. M. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (8th edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Rosenstein, N., Phillips, W. R., Gerber, M. A., Marcy, S. M., Schwartz, B. & Dowell, S. F. (1998). The common cold—Principles of judicious use of antimicrobial agents. Pediatrics, 100, 181–184. Turnidge, J. (2010). Multiresistant organisms at the front line. Australian Prescriber, 33(3) , 68–71.

ONLINE RESOURCES

An extensive range of additional resources to enhance teaching and learning and to facilitate understanding of this chapter may be found online at the text’s accompanying website, located on thePoint at http://thepoint.lww.com. These include Watch and Learn videos, Concepts in Action animations, journal articles, review questions, case studies, discussion topics and quizzes.

WEB LINKS

Healthcare providers and students may want to consult the following Internet sources: www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/ content/cda-cdi3303e.htm Department of Health and Ageing. Tuberculosis in Australia. www.nps.org.au/about-us/what-we-do/ campaigns-events/antibiotic-resistance-fighter National Prescribing Service. Antibiotic Resistance. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/ World Health Organization. Antimicrobial Resistance.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bancroft, E. (2007). Antimicrobial resistance. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298, 1803–1804. Coates, H. (2008). Ear drops and ototoxicity. Australian Prescriber, 31(2) , 40–41. Collignon, P. J. (2002). Antibiotic resistance. Medical Journal of Australia, 177(6) , 325–329.

C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G

 2. Gram-negative bacteria:

Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in Appendix A at the back of this book.

a. are mostly found in the respiratory tract. b. are mostly associated with soft tissue infections. c. are mostly found in the GI and GU tracts. d. accept a positive stain when tested.  3. Antibiotics that are used together to increase their effectiveness and limit the associated adverse

MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best answer to the following.  1. A bacteriostatic substance is one that: a. directly kills any bacteria it comes in contact with. b. directly kills any bacteria that are sensitive to the substance. c. prevents the growth of any bacteria. d. prevents the growth of specific bacteria that are sensitive to the substance.

effects are said to be: a. broad-spectrum.

b. synergistic. c. bactericidal. d. anaerobic.