The Environmental Crime Crisis
Ten ways to conduct illegal logging
Cattle ranching and soy production
Agricultural expansion by small-scale farmers
Logging with forged or re-used permits
Logging in conflict zones
Obtaining logging permits illegally
Ignore laws and regulations
Logging in excess of permit or concession quotas
Logging without regular concession
Unprotected area
Logging concession
Bribing local officers and police
Use of violence to access and clear cut the area
Widening road corridors, mining or other felling without a permit
Establishing, expanding and cutting beyond plantation
Logging in protected areas
Protected area
Biofuel plantation
Report and declare false figures
Source: Personal communication with Christian Nellemann, UNEP/GRID-Arendal
Figure 10: Ten ways to conduct illegal logging.
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