Bundles and towed installation

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Bundles and towed installation

INSULATION AND HEATING SYSTEMS – SUMMARY ƒ Insulation ƒ Comparison of standard insulation properties ƒ Use of pipe-in-pipe within carrier ƒ Outer pipe protects insulation materials from hydrostatic pressure and seawater ingress ƒ Therefore, wider range of insulators available ƒ Active heating systems ƒ Electric cables ƒ Water-heated flowlines

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The outer pipe of a P-I-P within a bundle enables the use of a wider range of materials to insulate the flowlines as it protects them from hydrostatic pressures and seawater ingress. Active heating systems may also be incorporated into the bundle to maintain the flowline temperatures at acceptable levels.