Abstract Book

S221

ESTRO 37

OC-0422 A novel DIR quality assessment approach for daily clinical radiotherapy routine A. Derksen 1 , L. König 1 , N. Papenberg 1 , T. Gass 2 , B. Haas 2 , C. Behrens 3 1 Fraunhofer MEVIS, Fraunhofer MEVIS, Lübeck, Germany 2 Varian Medical Systems, Varian Medical Systems Imaging Laboratory GmbH, Baden, Switzerland 3 Herlev and Gentofte Hospital- University of Copenhagen, Department of Oncology R Radiotherapy, Herlev, Denmark’ Purpose or Objective This work focuses on increasing radiotherapists’ confidence in deformable image registration (DIR). The goal is to create a tool that automatically assesses a given DIR result by providing the user with feedback regarding sanity or plausibility of DIR-propagated contours. When it comes to assessing DIR quality, a central problem is the inherent lack of ground truth measurements in a clinical setting. Therefore, we have focused on creating indicators for DIR plausibility that can be evaluated by only using image and deformation information as well as already available planning CT contours. Material and Methods We focus on bladder contours (BC) due to their crucial role in achieving accurate DIR results in the pelvic region. Data from three sites was incorporated in algorithm development and evaluation. In total 844 CBCT scans with BC were included from three different clinical sites (686, 130 and 28 scans from site 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The general idea we pursued is: a set of features is extracted per CBCT and propagated BC pair, which is subsequently used to train a random forest classifier (RFC) to distinguish between plausible and non-plausible propagated BCs. Computed features do encode local BC information by a decomposition of the propagated contour in eight sub- contours that are divided by the octants of an axis aligned coordinate system that is placed in each BCs center of mass, i.e. features are computed per sub- contour. Given the eight sub-contours, image gradient mean and std. are sampled at three locations (±10 mm in normal direction of the BC and directly on the BC) per sub-contour. Furthermore, mean, std., min, and max of the surface curvature are included globally per BC. That means a total of 8×2×3+4 = 52 features per BC are used to train and evaluate the RFC. Ground truth annotations are binary per BC: Class 1 means that the BC fits the bladder and the observer is certain about it (positive cases). Class 2 means that either the BC does not fit the bladder or the observer is not certain if the BC location is correct (negative cases). All 844 scans with BCs were annotated by three observers each. Inter-observer variability was examined with the Fleiss’ Kappa measure with a resulting value of 0.51, indicating a moderate agreement. The available three annotations per BC were joined by means of majority voting. RFC performance was measured by cross validation with 40 folds on the majority voted annotations. Results The resulting RFC yields an area-under-curve (AUC) of 0.93 (cf. Fig. 1 for the corresponding ROC curve). See Fig. 2 for positive examples of BC classification.

Conclusion A novel DIR evaluation approach based on data already available for daily workflows and a RFC is presented and evaluated. Though the trained classifier performance is probably limited by the global decision per BC (in contrast to a local per sub-contour decision) obtained results are still encouraging with an AUC of 0.93. OC-0423 An evaluation of variabilities in organs-at-risk delineation for MR-only head and neck radiotherapy K.Y. Chui 1 , W.W.K. Fung 1 , J. Yuan 2 , A.W.L. Mui 1 , G. Chiu 1 1 Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Department of Radiotherapy, Happy Valley, Hong Kong SAR China 2 Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Medical Physics and Research Department, Happy Valley, Hong Kong SAR China Purpose or Objective Radiotherapy (RT) plays an important role in treating head and neck (HN) cancers. Though computed tomography (CT) has been the standard imaging modality in RT treatment planning, magnetic resonance (MR) -only planning has come under spotlight due to its potential benefits. However, several significant issues still keep MR imaging relegated to its secondary role in RT planning. In particular, variability of organ-at-risk (OAR) delineation in HN region has not been adequately explored and it remains ambiguous. The aims of this study were to quantify and compare inter-observer variability as well as spatial variation in OAR delineation between and within CT, T1-weighted with contrast agent (T1W+C), T1- weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) images.