978-1-4222-3442-6

INDEX

al-Said, Nuri, 51, 52, 53 Samarra Dam, 22

Umayyad dynasty, 39 See also Islam United Arab Republic, 52 United Nations, 13, 50, 63, 65, 67, 100–101, 113–114 and the Gulf War (1991), 14 and sanctions, 17, 68–69, 70–71, 78, 83, 85 , 107 Security Council Resolutions, 15–16, 19, 69, 71, 114 See also League of Nations United Nations Special Commission on Disarmament (UNSCOM), 15–16, 17, 68, 69–70 See also United Nations United States, 13–14, 51, 52, 62–63, 67, 69, 71, 76–77, 99–101, 103, 107 Ur, 95, 96

sanctions, 17, 68–69, 70–71, 78, 83 , 85, 107 Saudi Arabia, 21, 48, 62, 64, 104, 105–107 Sharia (Islamic law), 75 See also Islam Shatt al Arab (river), 22, 26–27, 48–49, 59, 61–62, 95, 103 See also Euphrates River;Tigris River Shia Islam, 16, 38–39, 40, 45, 54, 60, 65–67, 73 , 74, 83, 96, 97, 102, 103, 112 See also Islam Singh,Anupama Rao, 69 al-Sistani,Ali, 122 Suez Canal, 43, 52 Sumer, 33 , 34 See also history Sunni Islam, 38–39, 40, 45, 47, 74, 83, 112 See also Islam Suq ash-Shuyukh, 26 Syria, 21–22, 23–24, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 52, 104, 107–108, 113 and the Baath party, 54, 60 Taq-i-Kisra, 93 terrorism, 18, 71, 107–108 Tharthar Reservoir, 22, 24 Tigris River, 19, 22–23, 24, 29, 34, 39, 94, 108 See also Euphrates River Tikrit, 60, 76, 95 Turkey, 22, 23–24, 43, 47, 48, 67, 95, 101, 103–104 See also Ottoman Empire

Wadiyah (desert), 27

See also geographic regions water resources, 23–24, 80–81, 104 weapons, 13, 15, 115–117 chemical, 14 , 63–64 inspections, 15–16, 17, 19, 67–71 wildlife, 29–30

Wilson,Woodrow, 45 WorldWar I, 43–44, 47 WorldWar II, 49–50

al-Yawer, Ghazi Mashal Ajili, 118–119 “Young Turks,” 43 See also Turkey

Turkish Petroleum Company, 47–48 See also Iraq Petroleum Company

Zagros Mountains, 24, 29, 30 See also geographic regions

Umar I, 96

126