EDF_REGISTRATION_DOCUMENT_2017

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PRESENTATION OF EDF GROUP Description of the Group's activities

Whistleblowing system In the event of an accident, a crisis plan is in place to limit impacts on the environment and people, and to ensure the safety of the facility. This crisis system is based on two closely coordinated plans, designed for both local and national use. These are: the Internal Emergency Plan for each nuclear site, developed by EDF; ■ the Special Intervention Plan, prepared by French prefectures in collaboration ■ with the French government and EDF. In order to provide greater effectiveness and thus improved protection of populations, these plans in particular take into account external risks (flooding, etc.) and internal risks (fire, etc.). The relevance of the system for warning, informing and protecting people is regularly assessed through accident simulation exercises. Each year, approximately 100 exercises are organised for the entire French nuclear fleet, i.e., approximately one drill every three days. Approximately ten exercises are on a national level, under the management of the ASN and involve EDF and the public authorities, in particular the prefectures. In 2017, three national-scale exercises were organised, one of which pertained to the physical protection of facilities (security crisis). After its initial analyses following the Fukushima accident in March 2011, EDF supplemented its crisis management organisation with a national team capable of quickly delivering material and human assistance to a site in great difficulty. This system, called the Nuclear Rapid Action Force (FARN), has had many simulation exercises from regional bases located at Civaux, Paluel, Dampierre and Bugey and can be sent to a unit at any site in difficulty. The FARN is capable of a simultaneous response at six units on a single site. Significant events regarding safety The operational safety of nuclear facilities is taken into consideration from the initial design stage, and is regularly monitored, together with the implementation of an employee motivation policy and large-scale investment programmes. The Group’s nuclear safety policy is incorporated into training for both EDF employees and subcontractors. Control and surveillance Nuclear safety is subject to internal controls (annual reviews, internal control plans and nuclear inspection audits in France) and external controls (peer reviews between corporate members of WANO and OSART audits conducted by experts from the IAEA). In France, the safety of nuclear facilities is controlled by the ASN. Events are classified on a scale from one to seven, with seven being the most serious (INES scale (1) ). Incidents of no consequence for nuclear safety are called “level 0 events”. Since the establishment of a scale of this kind in France in 1987, no level 3 event (serious incident – very low external emission, and exposure of the public representing a fraction of regulatory limits) or above has occurred in the French nuclear fleet. The ASN also approved the creation of an additional crisis management system, the Nuclear Rapid Action Force (FARN) following additional safety evaluations carried out by EDF after the Fukushima accident. Events in 2017 As in 2016, no major safety or radiation protection event was recorded in France. In 2017 the EDF group declared 4 significant safety events (ESS) classified at INES 2. These events had to do with anomalies relating to generic defects in the earthquake resistance of various equipment. As a whole the results for 2017 evolved in comparison with 2015 and 2016, with an average number of unclassified events (level 0) increasing to 10.38 ESS per reactor (602 events) compared with 8.75 in 2016 and 8.88 in 2015 and a stable average number of level 1 events per reactor of 1.13 (66 events) versus 0.94 in 2016 and 1.16 in 2015.

The number of automatic reactor trips fell to 0.38 per reactor (0.48 in 2016 and 0.66 in 2015). The 2017 detailed results on nuclear safety are published in the annual report created by the General Inspector for Nuclear Safety and are available on the Internet. Radiation protection Work by field operatives has enabled continuous improvement of performance in terms of protection of employees against the effects of ionising radiation. Thus, the average annual collective dose of all workers, both employees of EDF and outside companies intervening in power plants, has been halved in less than ten years. In 2017 the average collective dose was 0.61 man-Sievert per reactor (or a collective annual dose of 35.38 man-Sieverts). The collective dosimetry in 2017 is down compared to 2016 (44.2 man-Sieverts). EDF is proactively implementing an ALARA (As Low as Reasonably Achievable) policy to limit the collective dose with a view to the workload involved in the industrial project on the fleet in operation over the coming years. EDF is furthermore committed to continuing to lower exposure to radiation below the regulatory limit of 20mSv over 12 rolling months for the whole body. Accordingly, throughout 2017 and over 12 rolling months, none of the participants (neither EDF employees nor contractors) was exposed to an individual dose of higher than 14mSv. In the coming years, given the levels already achieved, efforts will have to be focused on power plants with the poorest dosimetric results, in particular by cleaning their circuits. The nuclear fuel cycle and related issues 1.4.1.1.4 The average annual normative volume for nuclear fuel used by reactors in the EDF fleet in France is approximately 1,200 tonnes (of heavy metals: natural enriched uranium, enriched reprocessed uranium, plutonium) of which approximately 1,080 tonnes corresponds to ENU fuel (enriched natural uranium), 110 tonnes to MO x fuel (produced from reprocessed plutonium) and 10 tonnes to ERU fuel (enriched reprocessed uranium). The nuclear fuel cycle encompasses all industrial operations in France and abroad involved in the supply of fuel for energy generation in reactors, as well as removal and processing of the fuel. The cycle can be broken down into three stages: front-end (upstream) the purchase of concentrates from uranium ore, fluorination ■ (or conversion), enrichment and production of fuel; the core cycle, corresponding to the use of fuel in the reactor: receipt, loading, ■ operation and unloading; the fuel stays four to five years in the reactor; back-end (downstream), for the reactor fleet in France: interim pool storage, ■ reprocessing of spent fuel, conditioning of radioactive waste and recycling of reusable materials, the intermediate storage of treated waste prior to storage, as required by the French Law of 28 June 2006 on the sustainable management of radioactive materials and waste. EDF coordinates all the operations in the fuel cycle. Generally speaking, upstream and downstream operations are carried out by subcontractors or suppliers, generally on the basis of multi-year contracts. EDF acquires most of the raw materials as uranium concentrates (U 3 O 8 ), with transformation into more processed products carried out by industrial operators through service contracts (fluorination, enrichment and manufacture), and provides core cycle operations. EDF is the owner in most cases and is responsible for the fuel and materials it uses throughout all different stages of the cycle.

International Nuclear Event Scale. (1)

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DF I Reference Document 2017