Proefschrift_vd_Beek

Stimulation levels All of the patients were fitted with the (monopolar) HiRes strategy. Both the T-level and the M-level were determined during regular clinical fitting sessions that took place approximately 8 times during the first year. The T- and M-levels obtained at one-year of follow-up were used in this study. Additionally, to evaluate the effects of time on the levels, the levels observed at the initial fitting were included in the data set. The T-levels were measured separately for each active electrode contact while delivering a 300 ms pulse train of biphasic pulses in an up-down-up procedure. For each electrode contact, the stimulus levels were increased, starting at 0 CU, until the subjects indicated that they heard a sound. Next, the current was increased above this approximate T-level to provide a clearly audible percept on which the subject could focus. The level was then decreased again until the subject indicated that he or she did not hear the sound. Then, the level was decreased somewhat further to reach a definite subthreshold level. Finally, the level was increased again to determine the final T-level. To determine the M-levels at the initial fitting, a profile was introduced with an emphasis up to 25% (in linear clinical units; CUs) for the more basal electrode contacts (the electrode numbering in Advanced Bionics devices is from apical (1) to basal (16)). Subsequently, the processor was set to live-speech mode, live speech at a normal voice level was administered to the subject, and all of the M-levels were increased simultaneously until speech was reported to be comfortably loud. At this time, the subject was asked to assess the sound quality. First, an open question was asked, but if needed, adjectives (e.g., low-pitched, muffled, high-pitched, or sharp) were suggested to help the patient in describe the sound quality. If the percept had a very low or muffled quality, the M-levels of the apical electrodes were reduced while a smooth M-level profile was maintained. If the sound was described as too sharp, the slope of the M-level profile was lowered until the patient accepted the sound quality; however, the slope but was never lower than a straight horizontal line [Briaire and Frijns, 2008]. For most of the subjects, 12 electrodes were active, but one-fifth of the subjects were fitted with fewer active electrodes. In most cases, the rationale for using 12 active electrodes was based on the results of previous research [Frijns et al., 2003]. Following the convention used by Advanced Bionics, the levels were expressed on a linear scale in clinical units (pulse width (µs) x amplitude (µA) x 0.0128447). Additionally, the data were recalculated and expressed in dB [Pfingst and Xu, 2004], as follows: I (dB) = 20 log (I (CU)/1000 x 20.6 (CU)).

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