Quantitative Methods 2017

• Endpoints that include different toxicity states in one endpoint • EXAMPLE: RTOG late small/large intestine Composed endpoints Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5

Mild diarrhea Mild cramping Bowel movement 5 times daily Slight rectal discharge or bleeding

Moderate diarrhea and colic Bowel movement >5 times daily Excessive rectal mucus or intermittent bleeding

Obstruction or bleeding requiring surgery

Necrosis/ Perforation Fistula

Death