Galore Park Catalogue 2018

Galore Park Catalogue 2018

School Catalogue

2 0 1 8

Contents

Welcome to the 2018 catalogue

ISEB Exam Papers

2

11+ and Pre-Tests Revision & Practice Resources

Dynamic Learning

4

English

20

Galore Park is the trusted supplier of 11+, pre-test and 13+ educational resources, leading the market in textbooks for pupils studying at independent schools.

Our School Consultancy Service To ensure your school has the resources that meet your needs and budget, our experienced Schools Consultant, Candis Thurston, is available throughout term time to offer her help and advice.

Mathematics

22

Textbooks

Science

24

English

6

Founded in 1999 by Head of Classics Nicholas Oulton, who recognised a need for high-quality textbooks, our authors range from Heads of Departments to ISEB exam setters so you can be sure our rigorous, challenging and engaging resources will help your pupils reach their full potential. We’re looking forward to exciting new publishing in 2018, including science workbooks for 11+ (page 24) and a brand-new English resource to support writing at 13+ (page 32).

Verbal Reasoning and Non-Verbal Reasoning

French

8

26

How can Candis help you?

Geography

9

Study Skills

30

Class Teachers – With Candis’ comprehensive knowledge of Galore Park resources, find out what’s available for your subject and how different types of resources can ease your particular needs. Heads/Deputy Heads – Keep your school up to date with resources; Candis can arrange a book display, over morning break or lunchtime, for your teachers to browse new resources, order inspection copies and ask any questions they might have. Bursars – Before placing any large order, ensure you talk to Candis about quotes and discount structures and she will do her very best to help you meet your budget.

History

10

13+ Common Entrance Revision & Practice Resources

Latin and Greek

12

English

32

Mathematics

14

French

34

Science

16

Our relationship with the Independent Schools Examinations Board (ISEB)

Geography

36

History

38

Galore Park works closely with ISEB and is proud to be the sole distributor of ISEB Common Entrance past papers (see page 2 for further details).

Latin

40

Mathematics

42

More than 100 Galore Park books have been reviewed and endorsed by ISEB subject editors so you can be confident that our materials map precisely to the ISEB syllabus.

Religious Studies

44

Science

46

Study Skills

48

Email: candis.thurston@galorepark.co.uk Tel: 07795 644289

Company Information

49

1

Exam Papers

what exam papers are available to order?

The final stage of any revision journey is to practise with real past papers.

Write an essayusingONEof the following titles. Eachone isworth 25marks.

3. Complete themultiplication table below.

Common Entrance papers for 11+, 13+ and Common Academic Scholarship Exams are written by ISEB subject editors and are taken by pupils in Year 6 or Year 8 who are applying for entry to senior independent schools. Once these exams have been sat, the papers become available to purchase. Galore Park is the exclusive distributor of ISEB exam papers . These past papers provide the best and most targeted preparation for pupils looking to secure a place at their chosen school.

×

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1. TakingCare ofTeachers

.........

.........

Common Academic Scholarship Exam

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12

7 LookagainattheO.S.mapofCockermouthinCumbria ,locatedontheborderof theLakeDistrictNationalPark. InNovember2009,thisareawasbadlyaffectedbyfloodingafterthehighestever rainfallrecordedintheUKina24-hourperiod.

2. ‘Earlymorning – great!’

3. Study the following passage (do not write a translation) and answer the questions below.Complete sentences are not required. Proserpina andCeres reacha compromisewithPluto.

.........

.........

.........

Subject

11+ Common Entrance

13+ Common Entrance

‘Earlymorning – pull up the duvet!’ Write an essay entitled either Dawn –Here ICome or I Love Laziness 3. Shopping isBritain’smost popular hobby. Do you enjoy it? Tell a story orwrite a descriptionwith the title Shopping .

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42

.........

.........

1 tandemCeres filiam suam invenit. Proserpina sub terra cum Plutone diu fuerat, et nullum cibum consumpserat. Pluto, quod eam ducere cupiebat, Proserpinae dixit: ‘si tumihi 5 nubes,sexannimenseshicsub terramanebis, sex annimenses super terram cummatre ire poteris.’ omnes hoc facere constituerunt, et laetissimi erant.

48

56

.........

.........

.........

(3)

duco (3)= Imarry nubo, nubere, nupsi, nuptum (+ dative) (3)= Imarry annus, -im.= year mensis, -ism.=month

N

4. Your parents, or you,might be very good at complaining. Write about it, using the title HowToComplain .

Cockermouth Cockermouth

4. Peter has these number cards face down on a table:

Classical Greek

5. Picture books, or books read to youwhen youwere young, can remain powerfully in yourmind. Do you have a book like this? Write about its power, using the title andauthoras the heading for yourwork.

(a) From thepassage, give, in Latin,one example of each of the following: (i) an adverb;

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3 5 7 9

10

.......................................................................................................................... (1)

6. Write an essay based in anyway you choose on the picture opposite. It showsStGeorge killing the dragon and rescuing the princess.

(b) Usingevidencefromanyofthemaps,givetworeasonswhyCockermouthwasso badlyfloodedfollowingtheheavyrainfall.

(ii) a cardinal number; .......................................................................................................................... (1) (iii) a verb in the future tense; .......................................................................................................................... (1) (iv) a present infinitive. .......................................................................................................................... (1) (b) fuerat (line 2).Give the first person singularof the present tenseof this verb. ................................................................................................................................. (1) (c) dixit (line 4).Give the Latin subjectof this verb. ................................................................................................................................. (1)

Peter selects a card at random. On the scale below,mark the probabilities of the following eventswith the letters shown. A Peter selects a cardwith the number 7 on it B the number on the cardPeter selects is less than 6 C Peter selects a cardwith the number 4 on it D the number on the cardPeter selects is a factor of 30

1:.............................................................................................................................. 1: .............................................................................................................................. 2:.............................................................................................................................. 2: .............................................................................................................................. (4)

English (Levels 1–2 for 13+)

(c) Usinganexampleyouhavestudied,explaintheeffectsofyourchosenfloodon thelocalenvironmentandpeople.

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1

S.A. 281151 03 Placeandyearofflood:.......................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. (3) impossible

even chance

certain

French (Levels 1–2 for 13+)

(4)

S.A.281152 02

4

2

S.A.283133 33

6

S.A. 283141 48

6

Geography

German

History

Ordering exam papers online

Latin (Levels 1–3 for 13+)

Mathematics (Levels 1–3 for 13+)

■ Visit galorepark.co.uk/exam-papers and click the red ‘Log in’ button ■ Enter your Galore Park username and password or, if you have not yet registered, click ‘Register as a teacher at your institution’ ■ Return to galorepark.co.uk/exam-papers and you will now see the available exam papers, mark schemes, examiner’s transcripts and CDs listed ■ Use the drop-down menus to select the papers and quantities you require ■ When you have finished selecting your papers, click the red ‘Add exam papers to basket’ button ■ Proceed to checkout to complete your order

Religious Studies (Syllabuses A and B for 13+)

Science (Levels 1–2 for 13+)

Spanish (Levels 1–2 for 13+)

Accessing exam papers ONLINE – FOR SCHOOLS ONLY

ISEB’s Common Entrance exam papers for 11+, 13+ and CASE are now available online from the Dynamic Learning digital platform. You can purchase and download every exam paper PDF and audio file from each sitting at 11+, 13+ or CASE the day after the last of the live examinations. Papers are supplied in PDF format, and can be used on interactive whiteboards, projectors and for printing. Audio files are available as MP3s.

Ordering exam papers by telephone

■ Please contact Schools Consultant Candis Thurston on 07795 644289

To purchase, please visit galorepark.co.uk/dynamic-learning

Please note: All exam papers are printed on demand and therefore non-refundable. Please allow five working days for your order to arrive. A £5 handling charge applies every time you place an order for exam papers, although there is no limit to the number of exam papers you can order at one time.

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Dynamic Learning

Small school annual subscription (+VAT) up to 90 students

Large school annual subscription (+VAT) more than 90 students

ISBN

Titles

English at Key Stage 2 9781510416901

English Years 3-6 Dynamic Learning Package

£320 per school £100 per school £100 per school £100 per school £100 per school £4 per student £4 per student £4 per student £4 per student £240 per school £100 per school £100 per school £4 per student £4 per student £240 per school £100 per school £100 per school £4 per student £4 per student £160 per school £100 per school £100 per school £4 per student £4 per student £240 per school £100 per school £100 per school £100 per school £4 per student £4 per student £4 per student £240 per school £100 per school £100 per school £100 per school £4 per student £4 per student £4 per student £320 per school £100 per school £100 per school £100 per school £100 per school £4 per student £4 per student £4 per student £4 per student £240 per school £100 per school £100 per school £100 per school £4.50 per student £4.50 per student £4.50 per student £320 per school £100 per school £100 per school £100 per school £100 per school £4 per student £4 per student £4 per student £4 per student £240 per school £100 per school £100 per school £100 per school £4 per student £4 per student £4 per student

£480 per school £150 per school £150 per school £150 per school £150 per school

9781471887543 9781471887031 9781471884863 9781471883132 9781471887680 9781471887109 9781471886225 9781471883125

English Year 3 Whiteboard eTextbook English Year 4 Whiteboard eTextbook English Year 5 Whiteboard eTextbook English Year 6 Whiteboard eTextbook English Year 3 Student eTextbook English Year 4 Student eTextbook English Year 5 Student eTextbook English Year 6 Student eTextbook

Dynamic learning

Dynamic Learning is an online platform that offers a range of subscription products to enhance teaching and learning in your classroom and at home. Our eTextbooks have been developed with teachers and students to ensure they do exactly what you need.

English for Common Entrance 13+ 9781471897061

English for Common Entrance at 13+ Dynamic Learning Package English for Common Entrance One Whiteboard eTextbook English for Common Entrance Two Whiteboard eTextbook

£360 per school £150 per school £150 per school

9781471881909 9781471881923 9781471881831 9781471881848

English for Common Entrance One Student eTextbook English for Common Entrance Two Student eTextbook

French for Common Entrance 13+ 9781471899140

French for Common Entrance 13+ Dynamic Learning Package French for Common Entrance One Whiteboard eTextbook French for Common Entrance Two Whiteboard eTextbook French for Common Entrance One Student eTextbook French for Common Entrance Two Student eTextbook Geography for Common Entrance 13+ Dynamic Learning Package Geography for Common Entrance: Physical Whiteboard eTextbook Geography for Common Entrance: Human Whiteboard eTextbook Geography for Common Entrance: Physical Student eTextbook Geography for Common Entrance: Human Student eTextbook

£360 per school £150 per school £150 per school

Available Autumn 2018

9781471881930 9781471881954 9781471881862 9781471881879

Geography for Common Entrance 13+ 9781471870187

Whiteboard eTextbooks

£240 per school £150 per school £150 per school

9781471870224 9781471870200 9781471870217 9781471870194

Access online, interactive versions of printed Galore Park textbooks, ideal for lesson planning and front-of-class teaching. ■ One textbook subscription that can be accessed simultaneously by multiple teachers across your school ■ Display interactive pages to your class, adding notes and highlighting areas clearly and easily ■ Use the Lesson Builder to add page-spreads to lessons, assign resources for homework and create lessons to share with other teachers

History for Common Entrance 13+ 9781471870484

History for Common Entrance 13+ Dynamic Learning Package

£360 per school £150 per school £150 per school £150 per school

9781471870507 9781471870521 9781471870545 9781471870491 9781471870514 9781471870538 9781471877612 9781471881787 9781471881817 9781471877599 9781471881770 9781471881800 9781471870637 9781471870651 9781471870675 9781471870699 9781471870620 9781471870644 9781471870668 9781471870682 9781471870576 9781471870613 9781471870590 9781471870569 9781471870606 9781471870583 9781471871238 9781471871252 9781471871276 9781471871290 9781471871221 9781471871245 9781471871269 9781471871283 9781471871177 9781471871191 9781471871214 9781471871160 9781471871184 9781471871207

History for Common Entrance: Britain and Empire 1750–1914 Whiteboard eTextbook History for Common Entrance: Medieval Realms Britain 1066–1485 Whiteboard eTextbook History for Common Entrance: The Making of the UK 1485–1750 Whiteboard eTextbook History for Common Entrance: Britain and Empire 1750–1914 Student eTextbook History for Common Entrance: Medieval Realms Britain 1066–1485 Student eTextbook History for Common Entrance: The Making of the UK 1485–1750 Student eTextbook

Latin for Common Entrance 13+ 9781471896705

Latin for Common Entrance 13+ Dynamic Learning Package Latin for Common Entrance One Whiteboard eTextbook Latin for Common Entrance Two Whiteboard eTextbook Latin for Common Entrance Three Whiteboard eTextbook Latin for Common Entrance One Student eTextbook Latin for Common Entrance Two Student eTextbook Latin for Common Entrance Three Student eTextbook

£360 per school £150 per school £150 per school £150 per school

Student eTextbooks

Mathematics at Key Stage 2 9781471870163

Mathematics at Key Stage 2 Dynamic Learning Package

£480 per school £150 per school £150 per school £150 per school £150 per school

Mathematics Year 3 Whiteboard eTextbook Mathematics Year 4 Whiteboard eTextbook Mathematics Year 5 Whiteboard eTextbook Mathematics Year 6 Whiteboard eTextbook Mathematics Year 3 Student eTextbook Mathematics Year 4 Student eTextbook Mathematics Year 5 Student eTextbook Mathematics Year 6 Student eTextbook

Downloadable versions of the printed textbook, purchased on a copy-by-copy basis and allocated to students for them to use in class or at home – a cost-effective way to deliver resources to your whole class. ■ Download and view on any device or browser ■ Add, edit and synchronise notes across two devices ■ Study on the move with access via the Dynamic Reader App* which automatically syncs bookmarks, highlights and notes so pupils can pick up where they left off from any device. *Available on iOS and Android devices as well as Chrome, Firefox and IE 10 and 11 web browsers.

Mathematics for Common Entrance 13+ 9781471870552

Mathematics for Common Entrance 13+ Dynamic Learning Package Mathematics for Common Entrance One Whiteboard eTextbook Mathematics for Common Entrance Two Whiteboard eTextbook Mathematics for Common Entrance Three (Extension) Whiteboard eTextbook

£360 per school £150 per school £150 per school £150 per school

Mathematics for Common Entrance One Student eTextbook Mathematics for Common Entrance Two Student eTextbook

Mathematics for Common Entrance Three (Extension) Student eTextbook

Science for Key Stage 2 9781471870170

Science at Key Stage 2 Dynamic Learning Package

£480 per school £150 per school £150 per school £150 per school £150 per school

Science Year 3 Whiteboard eTextbook Science Year 4 Whiteboard eTextbook Science Year 5 Whiteboard eTextbook Science Year 6 Whiteboard eTextbook Science Year 3 Student eTextbook Science Year 4 Student eTextbook Science Year 5 Student eTextbook Science Year 6 Student eTextbook

Take out a free no-obligation trial today at galorepark.co.uk/dynamic-learning

Exam papers

Science for Common Entrance 13+ 9781471871153

Science for Common Entrance 13+ Dynamic Learning Package Science for Common Entrance: Biology Whiteboard eTextbook Science for Common Entrance: Chemistry Whiteboard eTextbook Science for Common Entrance: Physics Whiteboard eTextbook Science for Common Entrance: Biology Student eTextbook Science for Common Entrance: Chemistry Student eTextbook Science for Common Entrance: Physics Student eTextbook

£360 per school £150 per school £150 per school £150 per school

ISEB’s Common Entrance exam papers for 11+, 13+ and CASE are now available online from the Dynamic Learning digital platform. You can purchase and download every exam paper PDF and audio file from each complete sitting at 11+, 13+ or CASE the day after the last of the live examinations. See page 3 for further details.

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textbooks

engl i sh

english at Key Stage 2

english for 13+ Common Entrance

approved

approved

Our English textbooks for Key Stage 2 are written specifically for schools preparing pupils for Common Entrance and other independent entrance exams at 11+. Each comprehensive textbook provides approximately three weeks’ worth of teaching material in every single chapter. ■ A coherent skills-based approach to teaching English from Years 3 to 6 ■ Chapters clearly introduce each comprehension skill and provide immediate opportunities for practice ■ Prepare pupils for exam-style questions with regular, stretching exercises that require a combination of several learned skills

Our revised English for Common Entrance textbooks map to the new ISEB syllabus and are perfect for pupils preparing for Common Entrance, Common Academic Scholarship Exams and schools’ own exams. ■ Three themed extracts per chapter: literary prose, non-fiction and poetry, with questions to encourage close reading and detailed thinking ■ ‘Did you know’ sections to enable pupils to practise crucial research skills ■ Stretch your more able pupils with challenging extension tasks

£15.99 9781471882159

£15.99 9781471867019

4 x-ray imageofblood vessels 5 fisherman 6 with sharp corners

Including facts inopinionwriting

Functionsoflanguage

Writing practice Exercise 5.4

1 Write adescriptionof the atmosphere inyour schoolon StValentine’sDay. 2 Write a story aboutpeople falling in lovewithotherpeople,with things, placesorwith anythingyouwish. 3 Write a conversationbetween amother and son about the girlhe loves and their future.This couldbeMrsWinthrop andAaron from SilasMarner , if you wish.You could set thisout as afictionaldialogueor aplay scene. 4 Write in anyway you like, taking either ‘TheDarlingBudsofMay’or ‘Eternal Lines toTime’as your title. 5 Write an article called ‘Dos anddon’ts for StValentine’sDay’as if for a teenagemagazine. 6 Write apoem addressed to somethingor someone you love.Exercise9.5on page126mighthelpyouwith this 7 Write a story about,or a factual accountof, someone in thepresentday suffering (ordying) forhisorherbeliefs. ●● Including facts in opinion writing The purpose of the passage in this chapter about St Valentine is to give accurate information while combining it with a light-hearted opinion piece that:

4 Words of war

●● Functions of language

The language of selling The goblins in ‘GoblinMarket’ use very specific language techniques. They: ●● use a lot of imperative verb forms as if they were giving orders (‘Come buy’) ●● make the product sound more attractive than it actually is (‘Bloom- down-cheeked peaches’) ●● sound sincere and passionate (‘Sweet to the tongue and sound to the eye’) ●● use language so fast and fluently that it confuses the customer. (‘Taste them a try: Currants and gooseberries…’ Some advertisers will try to: ●● trick customers into buying something that is more expensive than what they intended to buy ●● mislead customers ●● make their product sound better than it is. There are currently laws which prevent advertisers deliberately misleading customers about a product within the UK and Europe, at least. Sellers are not allowed to browbeat people into buying things, or sign agreements without allowing them time to think, for example. Nonetheless, many TV advertisements, roadside hoardings, notices in newspapers and magazines and all other forms of advertising use imperative verb forms. And they twist language to make their products sound more appealing than those of their rivals. Advertising slogans such as ‘Beanz Meanz Heinz’, ‘Every little helps’ and ‘Think different’ are interesting too. They use as few words as possible to say something catchy about the product which everyone will remember. People in the advertising industry are paid large sums to think up these slogans. Exercise 2.10

● If thequotation is a fragmentof a sentence, you canuse an ellipsis (…) to showwhere the sentencehasbeen cutoff. ● Use linkingwords andphrases so that yourquotationfits into your sentence: • suggests • demonstrates • shows • such as

Comprehension

➜ Comprehension

• for example • as shownby Here is an example:

Skill focus: Inference In this chapter you will learn how to select relevant and succinct evidence to back up your answers to inference questions. You will also learn how to embed your evidence into your answer so that your sentences flow well. Drawing inferences requires you touse your skillsof reasoning and logic toworkout the answerbasedon clues from thepassage.You have tofind these clues,put them together and comeupwith a sensible answerbasedon them.Tobackup your answers,many questionswill ask you to include thequotations from the text that youused toput togetheryour answer. Lookout for thesephrases,which indicate that youneed to include quotations:

Writing workshop

Max inched into theheadmaster’soffice, taking tiny steps,hoping topostpone the inevitable.His eyeswereglued to thefloor asMrKeller’sboomingvoice assaulted his eardrums.With every angryword, anotherbeadof sweatmaterialisedonMax’s forehead.He stuttered, ‘I - I - I - I’m sorry, sir.’Hisvoicebarely audible,his apology ill- received.Whenhewasfinallydismissed from theofficewith further furiousutterings and theorderof aSaturdaydetention,his feet felt as if theywerenailed to thefloor,his legs like lead.Hemanaged todraghimself from theoffice,up the stairs and into the reliefof the cold crispwinter air.He exhaled.Thebeadsof sweatwere replacedwith salty tears.

●● includes names and dates or statistics

●● is expressed logically in short paragraphs, moving from one point to the next

£15.99 9781471867071

£15.99 9781471882128

●● has been carefully researched from several sources.

When you write a factual account:

●● make notes in your own words from your sources

●● decide how you are going to order your material, making a plan with numbered points ●● keep your language neutral when expressing facts ●● make your sentences, in general, short and clear and your paragraphs concise ●● similarly, in factual writing, short words are usually better than long ones so, for example, use ‘start’ (not ‘commence’) or ‘buy’ (not ‘purchase) ●● edit your own work very thoroughly, removing unnecessary words and making any long sentences clearer.

1 How isMax feeling in thispassage? (6marks) For6marksyouwillneed to identify two emotions,give evidence for each and explainhow the evidence supports your answer. Possible evidence ishighlighted in thepassage.The answer shouldonly include thehighlightedwords,not thewhole sentence they are found in,and the evidence shouldbe embedded into theflowof the sentence as shownbelow: Max is clearlynervous (1mark) ashe ‘inched’ into the room taking ‘tiny steps’ (1mark).His slow speed suggests thathe is reluctant to go in (1mark).

● Refer to the text (closely) ● Give reasons from the text ● Includequotations ● Support your answerwith evidence

Write an advertisement foroneormoreof the followingnewproducts:

● luminous shoelaces ● cakewhichmakesyou slim ● electric toenail clippers ● aholiday in a spacecraft

● Support your answerwithwords andphrases from the text When you includequotations, there are a few things to remember: ● Only include the relevantpartof thequotation.Youdonotneed toquote full sentences. ● Alwaysput speechmarks (‘ ’or “ ”) around yourquotations.

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English for Common Entrance Book Two – Functions of language

9781471867071.indb 25 English for Common Entrance Book One – Writing workshop 17/11/16 2:45PM

9781471867019.indb 71

11/16/16 6:34PM

46

47

English Year 6 – Chapter 4: Words of war

Answer books now available as PDF downloads from galorepark.co.uk ■ Clear layout saves time marking work ■ Enables efficient assessment of pupils’ strengths and weaknesses ■ Advice and guidance develops pupils’ skills in using English accurately

867125_04_English_Y6_046-058.indd 46

25/11/16 7:32pm

867125_04_English_Y6_046-058.indd 47

25/11/16 7:32pm

£15.99 9781471882067

Answer books now available as PDF downloads from galorepark.co.uk ■ Includes answers to comprehension questions to model good practice and save you time ■ Maps the contents of the exercises to the ISEB Common Entrance 11+ syllabus and the Key Stage 2 national curriculum for English

£10.99 9781510429802

13+ English Workbooks - see page 32 for more details

Now available as Whiteboard and

See page 4 for details.

Student eTextbooks. See page 4 for details.

£15.99 9781471867125

£10.99 9781510429796

9781471896644 £13.99

9781471896613

9781471889264

9781471867149

£13.99 9781471867040

£13.99 9781471867088

CHECK OUT OUR 11+ ENGLISH REVISION RESOURCES ON PAGE 20

CHECK OUT OUR 13+ ENGLISH REVISION RESOURCES ON PAGE 32

£13.99

£13.99

£13.99

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textbooks

french

Geography

PUBLISHING SUMMER 2018 UPDATED FOR THE NEW SYLLABUS FOR FIRST TEACHING SEPTEMBER 2018

French for 13+ common entrance

Geography for 13+ Common Entrance

approved

approved

The trusted series ‘So You Really Want to Learn French’ has been completely revised and updated into a two-part French course tailored to the new ISEB syllabus. Building a solid foundation in reading, writing, speaking, listening and grammar, and presenting clear and simple instruction on the basics of French, progressing to the advanced language skills required of the Level 1 and 2 ISEB exams and other independent school entrance exams. ■ Over 70 listening tracks with new and revised audio - available as digital download ■ Tailor lessons to the varying levels of your students, with Level 2 grammar clearly signposted ■ Builds pupil confidence and mastery in grammar through clear explanations broken down with plenty of practice exercises and handy grammar reference sections ■ Prepare students for their assessment with exam-style exercises throughout for listening, reading, writing and speaking

Ensure a thorough understanding of the latest Geography Common Entrance syllabus with these essential ISEB-endorsed textbooks. Each book contains detailed explanations of all key themes, varied case studies to stimulate interest, and practice questions and extension exercises in each chapter to ensure that pupils have understood the material covered. Geography for Common Entrance: Human Geography ■ Encourages learning and inspires curiosity in how humankind has impacted upon the physical environment ■ Provides a solid grounding in mapwork skills, population and settlement, transport and industry, and environmental issues Geography for Common Entrance: Physical Geography ■ Provides a thorough introduction to mapwork and fieldwork skills ■ Covers the key physical topics in the ISEB Common Entrance syllabus: rivers and coasts, weather and climate, and earthquakes and volcanoes

£15.99 9781471827280

£16.99 9781471867170

French for Common Entrance Audio

Audio downloads accompany selected exercises from French for Common Entrance textbooks. Authentic French voice recordings allow pupils to become familiar with spoken French to help improve pupil’s pronunciation and listening skills.

2 Tectonic processes

2.1Wheredoearthquakes and volcanoesoccur?

Iceland (volcanic activity)

Mt Etna, Sicily (volcano – active)

Hawaii (volcanic activity)

£15.99 9781471827266

£16.99 9781471867248

Eurasian plate

NorthAmerican plate

9781471867224

9781471867309

African plate

Pacificplate

In this chapteryouwill study: ● how the Earth’s crust isbroken intodifferent typesof tectonic plates ● what typeof tectonic activityoccurs at theplateboundaries ● what canhappenduringearthquakes and volcanic events and the consequences in the followingweeks andmonths ● how the levelofdevelopmentof a country affectshow it copes with anearthquakeor volcanicevent ● what canbedone topredict andprepare for earthquakes and volcanicevents. ■● 2.1Wheredoearthquakesandvolcanoesoccur? The Earth’s structure Ever since the Earth’s formation (an estimated 4600000000 – four thousand six hundred million years ago) it has been slowly cooling down. This has led to the formation of a crust , a thin solid layer

£39.99

£39.99

South American plate

Nazca plate

Indo-Australian plate

Antarctic plate

Now available as Whiteboard and

French for Common Entrance Teacher Notes and Answers

Montserrat (volcano – active)

MtKilimanjaro, Tanzania (volcano – extinct)

Epicentre of Indonesian earthquake/tsunami 2004

■■ Figure2.2 :Simplifiedmapof the tectonicplates

Student eTextbooks. See page 4 for details.

Figure 2.2 shows a simplifiedmap of how the Earth’s crust is split into tectonic plates. (Themap also shows the earthquake and volcano examples covered in this chapter.) Active volcanoes are volcanoes that have erupted in the last 2000 years and are likely to erupt again. Dormant volcanoes are volcanoes that have erupted in the last 2000 years but not in the last 200 years. An extinct volcano is a volcano that has not erupted in the last 2000 years and will not erupt again. There are two types of tectonic plates: ● Oceanic plates that line our ocean floors are thinner, newer and made of more dense rock than continental plates. ● Continental plates that make up the continental landmasses we live on are thicker, older and made of less dense rock than oceanic plates.

of rock that forms the surface of our planet (see Figure 2.1). Below the crust is the mantle , which is made of semi-solid rock and has properties of both a liquid and a solid, and can therefore break and flow. At the very centre of the Earth is a core , which is believed to be a solid surrounded by liquid metals that reach temperatures of over 5000°C! Oceanicandcontinental tectonicplates The Earth’s crust is not one seamless layer, but is broken up into many different sections of varying sizes called tectonic plates . These huge sections of the Earth’s surface rest upon the deep semi- solid layer of the mantle beneath them. The edges where the plates meet are called plate boundaries . Nearly all earthquakes and volcanoes occur at these boundaries.

1 Inner core 2Outer core 3Mantle 4Crust

These tectonic plates move as heat rises and falls inside the mantle, creating convection currents (see Figure 2.3). Try to identify the oceanic and continental plates in Figure 2.2.

4

3

Movement of continentalmasses Oceanic ridge

6400 km (4000miles) 2

Continental crust

1

Trench

Solid

Convection currents within themantle

Liquid

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Molten rock Oceanic and continental platesmove overmantle

Rising hot currents from the Earth’s core ■■ Figure2.3 :Formation and actionof convection currents

■■ Figure2.1 :The Earth’s structure

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39

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When motte and bailey castles fell into disrepair, their owners were usually prepared to build more permanent structures. For example, wooden palisades or walls could be replaced by stone curtain walls ; and the motte could have a shell keep placed on top, or be replaced with a tower keep . Howtoattackanddefendcastles During medieval times, most wars were not fought with lots of big battles, but consisted instead of a succession of sieges to capture castles and fortified towns. New ways of attacking castles and town walls were developed, and new defences were invented to counter these attacks. As you might expect, the simplest way to take a castle was to go through the doorway or gate. Consequently, defenders developed a whole series of ways to make doing this as difficult as possible. Here are some of the things that they built; can you work out how they made defending the entrance easier?

7 Life in the Middle Ages

Castles

n the countryside lived Pan ,a goat-like creature who frightened lonely travellers (and gave us the word panic). But most important of all were the gods and goddesses who were thought to live on Mount Olympus , the highest mountain in Greece. Their king was Zeus . His brother, Poseidon , was god of the sea,and another brother, Hades ,ruled the gloomy kingdom under the earth where the souls of the dead went.

The names of the best known gods are listed here.

The gods and godesses of Greece

Greek Name

Description

Zeus Hera

ruler of the gods queen of the gods

Before we move on to find out what happened after the death of Edward III, we are now going to step back and look at life in the Middle Ages. What was it like to be alive at that time? We will start with the building that perhaps more than anything else sums up this period of history: the castle. ●● Castles

Poseidon Hades Athene Artemis

god of the sea

The gods of Olympus

god of the underworld

goddess of wisdom and the arts goddess of hunting and the moon god of music,archery and the sun

Apollo

Aphrodite

goddess of love and beauty

Castles have always been seen as part of the landscape of the Middle Ages. Most people think of a castle as a great stone building, the home of a king, with banners flying as mounted knights thunder across the wooden drawbridge to the sound of trumpets. But is this really what castles were like? And why were they actually built? Earlycastles As you learnt in Chapter 2, the first castles were not built of stone at all. In 1066, the Norman invaders needed quick and ready bases from which to control a hostile England, and so constructed the motte and bailey castles, made of earthworks and wood. These provided a home for groups of mounted men who could ride out and keep control of the local Saxon population. They were also the high-security residences of Norman barons and were carefully positioned to control key places such as river crossings or towns. Their great weaknesses, however, were rot and fire and they did not last much more than twenty years.

Ares

god of war god of wine

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Dionysus

Hephaestus

god of fire and metalwork goddess of the harvest messenger of the gods

Demeter Hermes

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●■ The shell keep atTamworthCastle

Myths

Portcullis

A myth is a story which was told to explain things which people at the time would not have understood. For example,why do we have summer and winter? The Greeks believed that there had been a GoldenAge when the weather had always been warm and sunny and fruit and cereals grew all the year round. Demeter , the goddess of plants and trees, had a daughter, Persephone ,who was kidnapped while she was playing with her friends.

Arrow slits

Murderholes

The Greeks didn’t think that their gods were good and fair and perfect. Gods had all the good and bad points that humans had but magnified a hundred times. Zeus often lost his temper and hurled thunderbolts at anyone who upset him. His wife Hera could be cruel and jealous. Once, when Zeus was chasing a girl called Leda ,Hera changed her into a swan. Zeus,quick as a flash,changed himself into a swan too. Later,Leda laid an egg and,when it hatched,out came two boys and two girls. The boys we know as Gemini , theTwins,one of the signs of the Zodiac. The girls were Helen , later famous as Helen ofTroy,and Clytemnestra who became the wife ofAgamemnon, leader of the expedition toTroy.

Doors

Drawbridge

Moat

●■ The tower keep atRochesterCastle

Drawbar

Hades and Persephone in the Underworld

●■ An artist’s impressionof the entrance to a fourteenth-century castle

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 The perfect and  pluperfect passive; three  termination adjectives

Exercise 3.2 TranslateintoEnglish.NotehowthePPPchangestoagreewiththesubject.E.g. insentence1, missus becomes missae toagreewiththesubject( nāvēs ,whichis feminineplural).  1 paucaenāvēs ad īnsulammultīs cummīlitibus*missae sunt.  2 mīles āprīncipenovō laudātus est.  3 paucāsnoctēsurbs abhostibusoppugnābātur.  4 puellaper viāsurbisducta est.  5 hōraproeliīpopulōRōmānōnūntiāta est.

3

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■● Perfect passive The perfect passive tells us what has been done to the subject, e.g. ‘I have been loved’ or ‘I was loved’. It is formed by taking the Perfect (or Past) Participle Passive (the PPP), and combining it with the verb ‘to be’. The PPP of a verb is formed from the supine stem , found in the 4th principal part. All you have to do is change the -um to -us . (Now you know why we have been encouraging you to learn all four

 6 ‘nostrī’** inquit ‘abhostibusnumquam superābuntur.’  7 nunc cibus inoppidum ā līberīsprīncipisportātur.  8 ancillaemiserae ā rēgīnā crūdēlīmultōsdiēspūnītae sunt.  9 ‘auxilium’ inquiunt ‘ā cōpiīsnovīsdatum est.’ 10 multī clāmōrēs inoppidō audītī sunt.

principal parts of your verbs.) amāt-us, -a, -um sum amāt-us -a, -um es amāt-us, -a, -um est

Classical Greek

Ihavebeenloved

You(sing.)havebeenloved He,she,ithasbeenloved

* multīs cummīlitibus ismorestylishLatinthan cummultīsmīlitibus .The prepositionlikestoprecedethenoun,nottheadjective.Therefore,as multus comesbeforeitsnoun,ratherthanafterit,theprepositionhastodiveinbetween itandthesoldiers. **Remember,whenanadjectiveisusedwithoutanoun,youunderstandmenin

amāt-ī, -ae, -a amāt-ī, -ae, -a amāt-ī, -ae, -a

sumus

Wehavebeenloved

estis sunt

You(pl.)havebeenloved Theyhavebeenloved

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themasculine,womeninthefeminineandthingsintheneuter. E.g. bonī semper laudantur =goodmenarealwayspraised. Exercise 3.3

Note that the PPP is an adjective, declining like bonus . If the subject is masculine and singular, the ending is -us . But if it is feminine, this becomes -a , and so on. Thus: He has been loved (or was loved) = amātus est. She has been loved (or was loved) = amāta est. The boys have been loved (or were loved) = puerī amātī sunt. The girls have been loved (or were loved) = puellaeamātae sunt. Exercise 3.1 Studytheinformationaboveabouttheperfectpassive.Writeouttheperfect passive(assumingamasculinesubject)of: 1 moneō 2 regō 3 audiō 4 capiō

TranslateintoLatin,rememberingtomakethePPPagreewiththesubject:

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 1 Theboyhasbeencalled.  2 Thegirlhasbeencalled.

 3 Thewarhasbeenprepared.  4 Theboyshavebeentaught.  5 Thegirlshavebeenwatched.  6 Thewarswerewagedbyourmen.  7 Thesoldiershavebeenseenbytheenemy.  8 Thecitywasattackedbyafewslaves.  9 TheRomanswereterrifiedbythenewking. 10 Partofthecitywasdestroyedbytheyoungmen.

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Note also that some regular polygons have some diagonals that are parallel to their sides.

7 Workout thenumberof sidesofa regularpolygon inwhich the interiorangle is: (a) 90° (b) 140° (c) 162° 8 Workout thenumberof sidesof a regularpolygon if: (a) the interior angle is twice the exterior angle

Calculatinganglesinpolygons

Estimating and approximating Sometimes you do not need to use exact numbers. For example, you might say: ● ‘There are about 30 chocolates in this box,’ (rather than ‘there are exactly 32 chocolates’). ● ‘There were about 100 guests at the party,’ (rather than ‘there were exactly 97 guests’). Each of these numbers is an estimate or approximation . To estimate a number, you make a guess of its value to the nearest ten, hundred or thousand. To approximate a number, you round its value to the nearest ten, hundred or thousand. Rounding to the nearest ten When you round a number to the nearest 10, you have to decide which multiple of 10 (10, 20, 30, 40, ...) is closest to the number.

Example: Round each of these numbers to the nearest 10 (i) 41 (ii) 48 Answers: All three numbers are between 40 and 50 The halfway number is 45

Estimating and approximating

(iii) 45

(b) the interior angle is three times the exterior angle (c) the interior angle is four times the exterior angle (d) the interior angle is seven times the exterior angle.

9 The angles at the centreof a regularpolygon are equal.Because they are angles at apoint theymust addup to360°.Workout the sizeof an angle at the centreof a regular: (a) octagon (b) pentagon (c) icosagon. 10 Thisdiagram showspartof a regularpolygon.

Regular octagon

Regular heptagon

This one is parallel.

This one is not parallel.

45

48

41

Example ABCDEFGH is a regularoctagon. Find the sizeof: (a) angle GFE (b) angle FGE (c) angle GHA (d) angle HGB Exterior angle = 360° n = 360 8 ° = 45° (a) angle GFE = 180° − 45° = 135° (b) angle FGE = 180 135 2 ° ° −

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

B

A

(i) 41 is 40 to the nearest 10, as it is less than halfway from 40 to 50 (ii) 48 is 50 to the nearest 10, as it is more than halfway from 40 to 50 (iii) 45 is 50 to the nearest 10, as it is exactly halfway so you round up.

5 x x

C

H

(a) The interior angle isfive times as large as the exterior angle.Howmany sidesdoes thepolygonhave? (b) If the interior anglewere11 times the sizeof the exterior angle,how many sideswould thepolygonhave? ●● Calculating angles in polygons You can use what you know about polygons to solve even more angle problems. As all the sides of a regular polygon are equal, it is likely that you will find isosceles triangles inside regular polygons. Remember: ● the sum of the interior angles of any polygon is 180°( n − 2) ● the sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is 360° where n is the number of sides of the polygon. For a regular polygon, you also know that: ● the exterior angle = 360° n ● the interior angle = 180 2 °( ) n n − or 180° − exterior angle ● the number of sides ( n ) = 360° exterior angle ● the angle at the centre = 360° n

D

G

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Exercise 2.4: Rounding to the nearest ten

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You can use a number line to do this. Here are the numbers from 0 to 10

E

F

1 Round each number to the nearest 10 (a) 29 (d) 72 (b) 41 (e) 86 (c) 5 2 There are 17 children in ClassA.How many children is this, to the nearest 10? 3 There are 62 members of staff.How many staff is this, to the nearest10? 4 The best seat at the theatre costs £85 Round this price to the nearest£10 5 It is 59 miles from London to Cambridge.Round this distance to the nearest 10 miles.

It is a good idea always to startby finding the exterior and interior angles.

5

9

2

Interior angleof a regularpolygon

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 10

Base angleof an isosceles triangle

= 22.5° (c) angle GHA = 135°

You can see that:

Interior angleof a regularpolygon (octagon)

Read through theworking in the example carefully. This ishow you should setout your answers.

● 2 is nearer to 0 than it is to 10 ● 9 is nearer to 10 than it is to 0 ● 5 is halfway between 0 and 10

(d) angle HGB = 180° − 135°

Co-interior angles, HA parallel to BG

= 45°

When a number is ‘halfway’, you round up . You can use the same idea for larger numbers.

With all this information, you are ready to tackle the next exercise. The calculations are not difficult but it is important to recognise which formula to use and to follow the steps. This is why you should write down each step carefully.

13 Anglesandpolygons

22 2 Place value 856396_C02_Math_Year_3_014-030.indd 22

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