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Chapter 12 Pericardial Diseases

CHAPTER 12 PERICARDIAL DISEASES

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REFERENCES 1. Klein AL, Abbara S, Agler DA, et al. American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimo- dality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease: Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomog- raphy. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 2013;26:965–1012 e15. 2. Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Wierzbicki AS. Epicardial fat and vascular risk: A narrative review. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 2013;28:458–463. 3. Pislaru SV, Michelena HI, Mankad SV. Interventional echo- cardiography. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 2014; 57:32–46. 4. Feigenbaum H, Waldhausen JA, Hyde LP. Ultrasound diag- nosis of pericardial effusion. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 1965;191:711–714. 5. Dudzinski DM, Mak GS, Hung JW. Pericardial diseases. Current Problems in Cardiology, 2012;37:75–118. 6. Oh JK, Hatle LK, Seward JB, et al. Diagnostic role of Doppler echocardiography in constrictive pericarditis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1994;23:154–162. 7. Garcia MJ, Rodriguez L, Ares M, et al. Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy: Assessment of left ventricular diastolic velocities in longitu- dinal axis byDoppler tissue imaging. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1996;27:108–114. 8. Ling LH, Oh JK, Tei C, et al. Pericardial thickness measured with transesophageal echocardiography: Feasibility and poten- tial clinical usefulness. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1997;29:1317–1323. 9. Topilsky Y, Tabatabaei N, Freeman WK, et al. Images in car- diovascularmedicine. Pendulumheart in congenital absence of the pericardium. Circulation, 2010;121:1272–1274. 10. Kim MJ, Kim HK, Jung JH, et al. Echocardiographic diagno- sis of total or left congenital pericardial absence with posi- tional change. Heart, 2017;103(15):1203–1209. 11. Najib MQ, Chaliki HP, Raizada A, et al. Symptomatic pericar- dial cyst: Acase series. European Journal of Echocardiography: the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology, 2011;12:E43. 12. Spodick DH. Acute cardiac tamponade. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2003;349:684–690. 13. Chidambaram S, Sangareddi V, Ganesan G, et al. An echo- cardiographic assessment of cardiovascular hemodynamics in patients with large pleural effusion. Indian Heart Journal, 2013;65:666–670. 14. Argulian E, Messerli F. Misconceptions and facts about peri- cardial effusion and tamponade. The American Journal of Medicine, 2013;126:858–861. 15. Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion: Respiratory variation in transvalvular flowvelocities studied byDoppler echocardiography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1988;11:1020–1030. 16. Burstow DJ, Oh JK, Bailey KR, et al. Cardiac tamponade: Characteristic Doppler observations. Mayo Clinic Proceed- ings, 1989;64:312–324. 17. Spodick DH. Pathophysiology of cardiac tamponade. Chest, 1998;113:1372–1378. 18. Hoit B. Cardiac tamponade. In: Gersh B, Hoekstra J, eds. UpToDate . Waltham, MA, 2014. 19. Shabetai R, Oh JK. Pericardial effusion and compressive disorders of the heart: Influences of a changing disease spectrum and new technology. Cardiology Clinics, 2017; 35:467–479.

identify or suggest the primary etiology. Comprehensive 2D and Doppler echocardiography with simultaneous recording of respiration should be able to distinguish between constriction and restriction in nearly all patients. For the last 30 years at Mayo Clinic, the detection of con- strictive pericarditis has improved greatly with the use of echocardiography, as evident by the increased volume of pericardiectomies performed for constrictive pericarditis (Fig. 12-39). FIGURE 12-38 [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT demonstrating a diffuse high 18 F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by the peri- cardium ( top ) in a 32-year-old patient with constrictive pericarditis. After steroid therapy, the patient was free of symptoms and had no residual constrictive physiology ( bottom ), and the [ 18 F]FDG uptake on the pericardium was markedly decreased ( bottom left ). (From Chang SA, Choi JY, Kim EK, et al. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT predicts response to steroid therapy in constric- tive pericarditis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2017;69:750–751, with permission.) et

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FIGURE 12-39 The number of pericardiectomies for constrictive pericarditis at Mayo Clinic. (Courtesy of H. Schaff and Department of Cardiac Surgery at Mayo.)

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