2018 Section 5 - Rhinology and Allergic Disorders

Medical management of AFRS

AFRS = allergic fungal rhinosinusitis; CRSwNP = chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis; CT = computed tomography; EMRS = eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis; immunoglobulin E; IL = interleukin; MCP = monocyte chemoattractant protein; SNOT-20 = 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test.

improved in 9/10 patients. Steroids + antifungals:

effects Conclusion

None Patients who received

postoperative steroids had less endoscopically confirmed disease.

However, steroids were not curative as disease

recurrence were seen upon cessation of steroids.

Steroids alone: Symptoms

Symptoms in 2/2 patients. None Endoscopic stage 0

maintained if postoperative maintenance steroid was

kept for an average of 4.5 months

None Significant reduction in

nasal endoscopic scores,

nonsignificant reduction in

SNOT-20 scores, reduction in inflammatory markers

None Radiologic and endoscopic

mucosal responses of AFRS to systemic steroids were significantly greater

compared to CRSwNP

side

Complications/

1. Endoscopic staging system (by Kupferberg et al. 15 ). 2. Symptom

points

system (by Kupferberg et al. 15 )

posttreatment

Lund-Mackay CT scan scores.

2. Pretreatment and posttreatment endoscopic appearance.

improvement

Primary clinical end

(1) SNOT-20; (2) Endoscopic

appearance; (3) IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, and MCP-4 assays

Endoscopic staging

Oral steroids: 40 mg × 4 days, then 30 mg × 4

groups Treatment protocol

60 mg daily for 3 days, 40 mg daily for 3

days, 30 mg daily for 3 days, 20 mg daily for 12 days

Prednisolone 1 mg/kg for 10 days preoperatively 1. Pretreatment and

0.4 mg/kg/day for 4

days, 0.3 mg/kg/day for 4 days, 0.2 mg/kg/day

maintenance dose (discontinued if

endoscopic stage 0 for 4 months)

days, followed by

20 mg a day until first month visit.

Oral antifungals: regimen not described.

All patients also received topical nasal steroids

and saline irrigations.

treatment (n =

antifungals alone (n = 3)

patients (n =

patients (n =

patients (n =

6); (3) Controls (n = 7)

8); (2) CRSwNP (n = 10)

steroids alone (n = 10); (3)

Study

antifungals (n = 2); (4) Oral

Kupferberg et al. 15 1997 Case series Fulfilled 4 26 Postoperative AFRS patients: (1) No

Kuhn and Javer 16 2000 Case series Fulfilled 4 11 AFRS patients Postoperative regimen: Fulfilled 2b 21 (1) AFRS

8); (2) EMRS

2b 18 (1) AFRS

11); (2) Oral

Oral steroids and oral

TABLE 3. Oral steroids in postoperative AFRS summary

evidence Subjects (n)

Level of

Bent and Kuhn criteria

Partially fulfilled

(8th patient did not

demonstrate

allergic mucin

on histology)

Study

design

control

comparative study

authors Year

2004 Prospective

2007 Prospective

Woodworth et al. 17

Landsberg et al. 18

Study

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