1214
Index
Nephropathies
diabetic, 815–816
drug-related, 629–630
Nephrosis, lipoid.
See
Minimal-
change disease
Nephrotic syndrome, 624–626,
624
f
Nernst potential, 16
Nervous system
cell columns of, 832–833,
833
f
, 833
t
–834
t
, 835
cells of, 821–825, 822
f
, 824
f
embryonic developmental of,
830–831, 831
f
–832
f
HIV manifestations in, 368
longitudinal tracts of, 835–
836, 835
f
–836
f
, 835
t
Nervous tissue, 20
t
, 26–27
metabolic requirements of, 825
Neural control
of bladder function, 657–658,
659
f
, 660
t
of blood pressure, 420, 421,
423, 424
f
of circulatory function,
399–400
of male reproductive system,
998, 998
f
of renal blood flow, 607, 609
thyroid hormone and, 778
Neural crest cells, 830, 831
f
Neuralgia, 870
Neural pathways
ascending, 855–857, 857
f
spinal cord circuitry and,
862, 863
f
in vision, 969–971, 970
f
Neural plate, 830, 831
f
Neural tube, 830, 831
f
Neuritic plaques, 949, 949
f
Neurocognitive disorders.
See
Dementia
Neuroendocrine response, to
stress, 209–212, 209
t
, 210
f
Neurofibrillary tangle, 8, 949, 949
f
Neurofibromatosis, 108–110, 109
f
Neurofilaments, 8
Neurogenic bladder disorders,
662–664, 662
t
Neurogenic fever, 65
Neurogenic inflammation, 862
Neurogenic shock, 501
c
, 506
Neuroglial cells, 27, 823–825, 824
f
tumors of, 942–943
Neuromatrix theory, of pain, 861
Neuromodulators, 827–829
Neuromuscular complications,
with CKD, 645
f
, 648
Neuromuscular junction, disor-
ders of, 890–892, 890
f
Neurons, 27, 822–823, 822
f
communication of, 825–827,
826
f
spinal, 838
f
–839
f
, 839
Neuropathic pain, 869–870
Neuropathies, diabetic, 814–815
Neurotransmission, in autonomic
nervous system, 850–852
Neurotransmitters, 826–827
removal of, 829, 829
f
synthesis and release of, 828,
828
f
Neurotrophic factors, 829
Neutropenia, 246–248, 247
c
Neutrophils, 242
f
, 243–244,
243
f
, 325–326
in inflammation, 50
f
, 51, 51
f
Nevi, 1173, 1173
f
–1174
f
melanocytic, 1178
Newborn.
See
Neonates
Newborn screening, for cystic
fibrosis, 585
New-onset diabetes after trans-
plant (NODAT), 804
Next Generation Sequencing
(NGS), 314
Nexus junctions, 27, 28
f
NGS.
See
Next Generation
Sequencing
NHL.
See
Non-Hodgkin
lymphoma
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleo-
tide (NAD), in fuel metabo-
lism, 9–11
Nikolsky sign, 1164
NIPD.
See
Nocturnal intermittent
peritoneal dialysis
NIPT.
See
Non-invasive prenatal
testing
Nitric oxide (NO)
in inflammation, 59
in smooth muscle control, 395,
398, 591
Nitrogenous waste accumulation.
See
Azotemia
Nitroglycerin, for myocardial
infarction, 452
NK cells.
See
Natural killer cells
NO.
See
Nitric oxide
Nociceptors, 861–862
stimulation of, 861–862
Nocturia, 494
Nocturnal asthma, 575
Nocturnal intermittent peritoneal
dialysis (NIPD), for CKD,
650–651
NODAT.
See
New-onset diabetes
after transplant
Nodes of Ranvier, 823
Nodular basal cell carcinoma,
1176, 1176
f
Nodular melanomas, 1175
Nodules, 1148, 1149
f
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD), 739
Nondisjunction, 116, 117
f
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL),
253–255, 254
c
, 255
f
with AIDS, 369
Non–insulin-dependent diabetes.
See
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Non-invasive prenatal testing
(NIPT), 125
Nonionizing radiation, cellular
injury from, 38
Nonneoplastic epithelial disor-
ders, 1025
Nonparalytic strabismus, 972–973
Non-small cell lung cancers
(NSCLCs), 552–553, 553
f
Non-ST elevation myocardial
infarction (NSTEMI), 450
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), 58
antipyretic effects of, 67
Nonthrombocytopenic purpura,
273
Nonunion, 1088, 1089
t
Norepinephrine, in circulatory
control, 399–400
Normochromic, 281
Normovolemic hypotonic hypo-
natremia, 174
Normovolemic shock.
See
Distributive shock
Nosocomial, 307
Notochord, 830, 831
f
NPs.
See
Natriuretic peptides
NRM.
See
Nucleus raphe magnus
NSAIDs.
See
Nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs
NSCLCs.
See
Non-small cell lung
cancers
NSTEMI.
See
Non-ST elevation
myocardial infarction
Nuclear receptors, 759, 761, 761
f
Nuclear scintigraphy, 634
Nucleolus, 3, 91
Nucleosome, 89, 89
f
Nucleotides, 88, 88
f
Nucleus raphe magnus (NRM),
864
Nutrients, metabolism and stor-
age of, 793–794
Nutrition.
See also
Food;
Malnutrition
adaptation and, 214
assessment of, 228–229, 229
t
imbalance of, cellular injury
from, 39
wound healing and, 81, 83
Nystagmus, 897, 985–986, 986
f
OA.
See
Osteoarthritis
OA neuron.
See
Output associa-
tion neuron
Obesity, 230, 230
f
adipose tissue and, 231
cancer and, 141
causes of, 230–231
childhood, 233
chronic inflammation and, 61
treatment and prevention of,
232–233
type 2 diabetes and, 803
types of, 229
t
, 231–232, 231
f
Obligatory urine output, 168
Obstructive shock, 501
c
, 502
f
, 505
Occipital lobe, 844
Occluding junctions, 27, 28
f
OGTT.
See
Oral glucose toler-
ance test
Oligoarthritis, 1134
Oligodendrocytes, 27, 824, 824
f
Oligodendrogliomas, 942–943
Oliguria, 494
OM.
See
Otitis media
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids, in inflammation, 58
Omentum, 679, 679
f
Oncogenes, 137
Oncogenesis, 139, 139
f
Open-angle glaucoma, 967–969,
968
f
Open fracture.
See
Compound
fracture
OPG.
See
Osteoprotegerin
Opioid analgesics, 868
Opportunistic pathogens, 298
Opsonins, 327, 330
Opsonization, in inflammatory
response, 55–56, 327, 330
Optic nerves, 969–970, 970
f
disorders of, 970
organization of, 832
Oral contraceptives, hypertension
and, 428
Oral glucose tolerance test
(OGTT), 805–806
Oral phase, of swallowing, 681,
684
f
Oral replacement therapy (ORT),
for diarrhea, 714
Orchitis, 1005
Organelles, 2, 4–8, 4
f
–5
f
Organic ions, elimination of, 612
Organization, 78
Organogenesis, 120, 121
ORT.
See
Oral replacement
therapy
Orthopnea, 494
Orthostatic hypotension,
433–435, 434
f
Osgood-Schlatter disease, 1105
Osmolality, 162
of urine, 615
Osmolarity, 162
in urine concentration, 608, 608
f
Osmole, 162
Osmoreceptors, 169, 169
f
Osmosis, 15, 161–162, 161
f
Osmotic demyelination syndrome,
175
Osmotic diarrhea, 713
Ossification, in fracture healing,
1087–1088, 1087
f
Osteitis fibrosa, 647
Osteoarthritis (OA), 1128–1131,
1129
f
, 1130
t
, 1135
Osteoblasts, 1067, 1068
t
Osteochondroma, 1095
Osteochondroses, juvenile,
1104–1105, 1105
f
Osteoclastoma.
See
Giant cell
tumor
Osteoclasts, 1067–1068, 1068
t
Osteocytes, 1067, 1067
f
, 1068
t
Osteodystrophy, 645
f
, 647
Osteogenesis imperfecta,
1101–1102, 1102
t
Osteomalacia, 647, 1115–1116
Osteomyelitis, 1091–1093, 1091
f
Osteonecrosis, 1093
c
, 1093–1094,
1093
f
Osteopenia, 1112
Osteophytes, 1129, 1129
f
Osteoporosis, 1069, 1112
c
,
1112–1115, 1114
f
Osteoprogenitor cells, 1066–1067,
1068
t
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), 1069,
1071, 1071
f
Osteosarcoma, 1095
f
–1096
f
,
1096
Ostiomeatal complex, 540, 541
f
Otic fluid.
See
Endolymph
Otitis externa, 975–976
Otitis media (OM), 977–979, 977
f
Otoliths, 984
Otosclerosis, 977
f
, 979
Outflow obstruction, 661–662
Output association (OA) neuron,
832, 833
f
Outtoeing, 1098–1099, 1098
f
Ovaries, 1019
f
, 1020
cancer of, 1036–1037
