FROZEN HEAT | Volume 1

10.1038/Ngeo475 Judd, A.G., Hovland, M., Dimitrov, L.I., García Gil, S. and Jukes, V. (2002). The geological methane budget at continental margins and its influence on climate change. Geofluids, 2, 109-126 Kastner, M., Torres, M., Solomon, E. and Spivack, A. (2008). Marine pore fluid profiles of dissolved sulfate; do they reflect in situ methane fluxes. Fire in the Ice, NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, Summer, 6-8 Kayen, R.E. and Lee, H.J. (1991). Pleistocene slope instability of gas hydrate-laden sediment on the Beaufort Sea Margin. Mar. Geotechnol., 10, 125-141 Kiel, S. (2009). Global hydrocarbon seep-carbonate precipitation correlates with deep-water temperatures and eustatic sea-level fluctuations since the Late Jurassic. Terra Nova, 21, 279-284 Knittel, K. and Boetius, A. (2009). Anaerobic oxidation of methane: progress with an unknown process. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 63, 311-334 Kvalstad, T.J., Andresen, L., Forsberg, C.F., Berg, K., Bryn, P. and Wangen, M. (2005). The Storegga slide: evaluation of triggering sources and slide mechanics. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 22, 245-256. doi: 10.1016/J.Marpetgeo.2004.10.019 Lacis, A., Hansen, J., Lee, P., Mitchell, T. and Lebederr, S. (1981). Greenhouse effects of trace gases. Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 1035-1038 Lee, H.J. (2009). Timing of occurrence of large submarine landslides on the Atlantic Ocean margin. Mar. Geol., 264, 53-64. doi: 10.1016/J. Margeo.2008.09.009 Levin, L.A. (2005). Ecology of cold seep sediments: interactions of fauna with flow, chemistry and microbes. Oceanogr. and Mar. Biol.: Ann. Rev., 43, 1-46 Levin, L.A., Mendoza, G.F., Gonzalez, J.P., Thurber, A.R. and Cordes, E.E. (2010). Diversity of bathyal macrofauna on the northeastern Pacific margin: the influence of methane seeps and oxygen minimum zones. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 31, 94-110 Liu, X. and Flemings, P.B. (2006). Passing gas through the hydrate stability zone at southern Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. Earth Planet Sc. Lett., 241, 211-226 Lopez, C., Spence, G., Hyndman, R. and Kelley, D. (2010). Frontal ridge slope failure at the northern Cascadia margin: Margin-normal fault and gas hydrate control. Geology, 38, 967-970. doi: Doi 10.1130/ G31136.1 Macdonald, I., Bender, L., Vardaro, M., Bernard, B. and Brooks, J. (2005). Thermal and visual time-series at a seafloor gas hydrate deposit on the Gulf of Mexico slope, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 233(1-2), 45-59 MacDonald, I.R., Leifer, I., Sassen, R., Stine, P., Mitchell, R. and Guinasso, N., Jr. (2002). Transfer of hydrocarbons from natural seeps to the water column and atmosphere. Geofluids, 2, 95-107 Maslin, M., Owen, M., Day, S. and Long, D. (2004). Linking continental- slope failures and climate change: Testing the clathrate gun hypothesis. Geology, 32, 53-56. doi: 10.1130/G20114.1

Felbeck, H. (1981). Chemoautotrophic potential of the hydrothermal vent tube worm, Riftia pacjyptila Jones (Vestimentifera). Science, 213, 336-338 Fisher, C.R., MacDonald, I.R., Sassen, R., Young, C.M., Macko, S.A., Hourdez, S., Carney, R.S., Joye, S.B. and McMullin, E. (2000). Methane ice worms: Hesiocaeca methanicola colonizing fossil fuel reserves. Naturwissenschaften, 87, 184-187 Gee, M.J.R., Uy, H.S., Warren, J., Morley, C.K. and Lambiase, J.J. (2007). The Brunei slide: A giant submarine landslide on the North West Borneo Margin revealed by 3D seismic data. Mar. Geol., 246, 9-23. doi: Doi 10.1016/J.Margeo.2007.07.009 Goedert, J.L. and Benham, S.R. (2003). Biogeochemical processes at ancient methane seeps: the Bear River site in southwestern Washington. In Western Cordillera and adjacent areas: Boulder, Colorado (ed. T.W. Swanson). pp. 201-208. Geological Society of America Hansen, J., Fung, A., Lacis, A., Rind, D. and Lebedeff, S. (1988). Global climate changes as forecast by Goddard Institute for Space Studies 3-D Model. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 9341-9364 Hanson, R.S. and Hanson, T.E. (1996). Methanotrophic bacteria. Microbiol. Rev., 60, 439-471 Hedges, J.I. and Keil, R.G. (1995). Sedimentary organic-matter preservation – An assessment and speculative synthesis. Mar. Chem., 49, 81-115 Hornbach, M.J., Lavier, L.L. and Ruppel, C.D. (2007). Triggering mechanism and tsunamogenic potential of the Cape Fear Slide complex, U.S. Atlantic margin. Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 8, Q12008, doi: 12010.11029/12007GC001722, 001716 p. Houghton, R. A. (2007), Balancing the global carbon budget, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 35, 313-347 Hu, L., Yvon-Lewis, S.A., Kessler, J.D. and MacDonald, I.R. (2012). Methane fluxes to the atmosphere from deepwater hydrocarbon seeps in the northern Gulf of Mexico. J. Geophys. Res., 117. doi: 10.1029/2011jc007208 IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 996 p. IPCC, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA Jiang, G., Shi, X. and Zhang, S. (2006). Methane seeps, methane hydrate destabilization, and the late Neoproterozoic postglacial cap carbonates. Chin. Sci. Bull., 51, 1152-1173 Jørgensen, B.B. and Nelson, D.C. (2004). Sulfide oxidation in marine sediments: Geochemistry meets microbiology. Geol. Soc. Am., Special Paper 379, 63-81 Joye, S.B., Samarkin, V.A., Orcutt, B.N., MacDonald, I.R., Hinrichs, K.U., Elvert, M., Teske, A.P., Lloyd, K.G., Lever, M.A., Montoya, J.P. and Meile, C.D. (2009). Metabolic variability in seafloor brines revealed by carbon and sulphur dynamics. Nat. Geosci., 2, 349-354. doi: Doi

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