Spain from A to Z

A to Z

SPAIN

Information and travel tips to spanish regions from A to Z

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Table of contents

Spain’s landscapes 4 As the bridge between Europe and Africa, Spain offers breathtaking natural landscapes full of contrasts. Sun & sand 6 Guaranteed for the perfect beach holiday. More than 300 sunny days per year and over 7000 km of coastline. Our cities 8 Spain’s modern cities, UNESCO World Heritage sites and coastal towns at a glance. National parks 14 Spain’s natural areas captivate and delight natives and visitors alike with their exotic flora and fauna. Cuisine 16 Tapas, regional cooking, fine wines and haute cuisine – you will find it all in Spain. Art & culture 20 Fairs, festivals, arts and crafts, museums and more. Sports & leisure 26 A paradise for the active and energetic, Spain offers a wide variety of sports and leisure activities throughout the year. Routes 30 Discover multiple alternatives for enjoying the cultural heritage of Spain. Practical advice 32 Useful information and important tips about Spain.

Published by: TURESPAÑA, Secretary of State for Tourism, Ministry of Energy, Tourism and Digital Agenda. Copyright © Instituto de Turismo de España, TURESPAÑA. Created by: Grafimarque SL. Cover photo – Overview of Cudillero, Asturias.

Edition: 2017 Nipo: 086-17-046-6

Spain: a top destination for tourism Each year nearly 70 million tourists travel to Spain, the majority of whom are recurring visitors. We welcome travellers who appreciate Spain’s vast diversity, the sun, our fantastic cuisine, our warm hospitality and our zest for life, and who return to our soil for another visit. Particularly alluring are our splendid and breathtaking landscapes, full of contrasts, and the cultural heritage of the different peoples who have occupied Spanish territory throughout history. Spain’s wealth of sights, festivals, traditions and customs are of particular significance for our historic diversity. All of this, together with the unique mentality of the Spanish people, makes Spain a world-renowned tourist destination.

Spain: a top destination for tourism   3

Spain’s landscapes Spain is a land of contrasts, visible in the country’s natural conditions, its climate, its culture and its ways of life, and perhaps most prominently, in its landscapes.

GREEN SPAIN In the northern part of the country travellers will find the Basque Country, with its

INLAND AREAS The central Meseta, a high plateau that encompasses the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, offers some of the most impressive and contrasting landscapes in the country. A mountain range across the centre divides two well-defined units, separated both geographically and historically. Throughout Castile, what is today divided into the autonomous administrative regions of Castile and León, Castile-La Mancha and

the intimate charm of coastal towns, villages and picturesque beaches.

Galicia, located in the far northwest, is the perfect

evergreen meadows, traditional farmsteads ( caseríos ) nestled in the mountainsides, beaches, and rustic fishing ports. We find similar features on the Cantabrian coast. In the Picos de Europa, a mountain range stretching across Castile and León, Cantabria and Asturias, the ruggedness and majesty of nature contrast with

example of abrupt coastlines, rural architecture and fjord-like rivers, where the sea penetrates far inland and flows around the towns. Galicia is characterised by its perfect harmony of mountains and sea, towns in direct proximity to the coast and wet climate that paints the landscape green.

Picos de Europa, Santander

landscapes full of variety and beauty, form an impressive counterpoint. And if you look towards Africa, you will see the two warm and friendly cities of Ceuta and Melilla. THE ARCHIPELAGOS The Balearic Islands are located in the Mediterranean Sea. Due to their rich culture and captivating landscape, they are one of the most popular destinations in the country. Spain’s second group of islands, the Canary Islands, is located in the Atlantic Ocean. The islands’ volcanic origins offer an impressive and uniquely original landscape.

La Rioja, we find a more open landscape, complemented by the extensive campos of Extremadura, a landscape of open horizons over grainfields, river valleys and tiny villages, which, in addition to the cities marked by a long history, contain a significant wealth of sights and artwork. Traditional architecture is present everywhere in Spain and is reflected in the versatile and rather eccentric design of granaries, country houses, farm houses and farms ( hórreo, caserío, masía, casona, cortijo, pazo, barraca ), which define and characterise the Spanish landscape. MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL AREAS Mediterranean Spain is located between the Pyrenees

and Andalusia. Sandy plains are interspersed with a landscape alternating steep coasts with small bays and picturesque fishermen’s villages. Estates and vineyards dominate rural areas, which to the south are more colourfully dotted by huge plantations with almond, apple and lemon orchards. At the nascence of the Andalusian coast, the landscape is bathed in gleaming light which spreads over olive groves and naturally preserved marshes, and the whitewashed villages and glimmering beaches pay homage to the sun. The mountainous regions (Alpujarras, Sierra Nevada) and the desert dunes of Almería, which create stunning

Spain’s landscapes   5

Above: Papagayo Beach, Lanzarote. Below: Macarelleta, Menorca.

Sun & Sand

sunbathing and beach tourism in Andalusia: Costa de Almería, Costa Tropical and Costa del Sol. Across from the African coast, the Strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean. Here we find a particularly impressive stretch of Andalusian coastline in Cádiz and Huelva, where the Costa de la Luz reaches as far as Ayamonte on the border with Portugal. To the northwest, the Atlantic waters on the Galician coast create marvellous formations with mountainous coasts, tiny beaches and fjord-like rivers. The Cantabrian Sea, with its mountain range parallel to the northern coast of Spain, has carved out another region of stunning beauty. Its elegant towns such as Gijón, Santander and San Sebastián, inextricably linked to the sea, also transform this area, which stretches across the Basque Country, Cantabria,

A Spanish coastline of over 7,000km offers a unique

Asturias and Galicia, into a sophisticated and desirable holiday paradise. In the heart of the Mediterranean, the Balearic Islands archipelago boasts a variety of characteristic features: sloping rock faces, small coves, protected natural areas and beaches offer a variety of additional possibilities for recreation. Located off the West African coast, the Canary Islands are situated over 1,000 km away from the Spanish mainland. Their volcanic origins, pleasant year- round climate and substantially sized beaches make them an attractive destination where you can enjoy the benefits of the sea at any time of the year.

landscape, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the east and the south, the Cantabrian Sea to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the south. Spain enjoys over 300 days of sun per year and an extremely mild climate, with temperatures ranging between 18º and 30º C (~65 to 85º F). Its sun-drenched beaches receive millions of tourists from around the world every year. The waters of the Costa Brava on the Mediterranean seaboard lap the steeply sloping rock walls, dotted with small enchanting coves and long beaches. And to the south (Costa Dorada, Costa Azahar, Costa de Valencia, Costa Blanca or Costa Cálida), the Mediterranean is a calm sea with fine, golden sand. We can find several other highly popular destinations for

http://www.spain.info/en/

Sun & Sand   7

Our Cities Spanish cities and towns are characterised by their diversity and contrast. World-famous cities, small medieval villages and old town centres with a long history – all delightful destinations to be found both inland and along the coast, where visitors can enjoy the sea. Places with charm, unique traditions, folk festivals and delicious cuisine.

The historic city centre, known as the Madrid of the Habsburgs, the Plaza Mayor and the Royal Palace are all historical reminders from the 16th and 17th centuries. The noble business district and the Golden Mile of Madrid Museums dotted with important art museums, palaces and gardens are worth a visit. Over 60 museums cover every area of human knowledge. The most well-known are the Prado Museum and the Reina

Sofía Museum, with works by Picasso, Miró and Dalí. Sprawling parks and gardens such as the

MADRID

Madrid is Spain’s cosmopolitan, open-minded and accommodating capital city. As one of the largest European cities, it boasts a modern business centre as well as a rich cultural and historical heritage. This area, which had been inhabited since the Lower Palaeolithic era, was converted into the capital of the empire in 1561 by King Philip II.

Madrid

Retiro, the Casa de Campo and Juan Carlos I Park invite you to take a stroll, row a boat and feed the squirrels in one of the greenest cities in Europe. The most characteristic feature of Madrid is the infectious lust for life, reflected in the various folk festivals of the city and of the region . Concerts, exhibits, ballet, theatre, cinema and a wide range of culinary facilities round out the recreational and entertainment possibilities. The lively Madrid nightlife is fuelled by an endless number of bars, pubs, nightclubs and flamenco venues, and is another attraction of the Spanish capital.

of the region of Catalonia. In this elegant business metropolis you will find remains from the Roman era, the districts of the medieval city, and stunning Modernist and Art Nouveau buildings from the avant-garde movements of the 20th century. It is of no surprise that the architecture of Catalonians Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Doménech i Montaner are UNESCO World Cultural Heritage sites. Barcelona’s seaport and its lively trade have boosted the city’s prosperity over the centuries, which is particularly apparent in its rich art history and the fostering of new artistic trends. The Mediterranean nature of the city is present in the magnificent beaches of the Barcelona coast, as well as in the numerous sporting marinas and golf courses with fantastic views of the sea. Nature lovers are not far from the mountains of the Catalan Pyrenees. Folk culture

and long-standing traditions also play a major role, such as the La Mercè celebrations and festivals in the districts of Gràcia, Sants and Poblenou. Tradition and modernity also combine to create an innovative cuisine, based on local vegetables, fresh fish, sausages and cold meats and olive oil, as well as traditional pastry and Cava (sparkling wines).

www.barcelonaturisme.com

Barcelona

www.esmadrid.com

BARCELONA Barcelona is located right on the Mediterranean, and is the capital

Our Cities    9

Cities of UNESCO World Cultural Heritage

Spain ranks third among countries with the highest number of World Heritage Sites. Cities such as Córdoba, Toledo and Salamanca are a reflection of the urban history of Spain and an illustration of its various transformations and different cultural influences. All of these heritage sites have maintained the natural beauty of their surroundings. Rivers, mountains and canyons are part of the personality of places like Segovia and Toledo. Every city that has been declared a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site is characterised by a unique structure or feature. Most have a special charm that is characterised by the vitality, vigour and zest for life of its residents. Many historic buildings have been restored and today are fully operational. They are used as marketplaces, exhibition centres, art galleries, shopping centres for handicrafts, or have been converted into first-class accommodations such as the Parador hotels. ALCALÁ DE HENARES The cradle of Cervantes, the world- famous author of Don Quixote . His birth home is an example of a 16th century Castilian dwelling. Both the university and the city

houses are an excellent example of the transformation of the environment in harmony with nature. The fortified old town centre has been recognised by UNESCO.

centre are UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites.

ÁVILA An archetypical medieval town. The wall surrounding the city is the most well-preserved in Europe. The old city centre and several churches outside the city walls are on the UNESCO list of World Cultural Heritage Sites. CÁCERES Fortifications, Renaissance palaces and medieval squares - the city is full of wonderful buildings. The old city centre was named a World Cultural Heritage Site. Excellent lighting makes a nighttime visit particularly memorable. Heritage Site. Córdoba is home to a masterpiece of the art of the Caliphs: the Mosque-Cathedral, or the Great Mosque of Córdoba, built under Arabic rule. CUENCA A town that seems to float in the air. Its extraordinary hanging CÓRDOBA The historical centre was declared a World Cultural

IBIZA This island is a treasure coveted by all peoples of the Mediterranean, an extraordinary layout with

valuable archaeological sites. Its biodiversity and culture have been recognised by UNESCO MÉRIDA This city is still shining with the glory of the Roman Empire. Its emblematic buildings, such as the Roman theatre and amphitheatre, led to the inclusion of the city’s archaeological site in UNESCO’s list of World Cultural Heritage Sites. SALAMANCA The university, one of the oldest in the world, was founded in 1254. Since then it has established the life of this city along with another splendid gem, the Plaza Mayor. The historical centre of the city

To the left: Roman Theatre of Mérida. To the right: Plaza Mayor in Salamanca. Below: Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, bird-eye views of the city of Ibiza and the walled enclosure of Ávila.

has allowed Salamanca to be included on the UNESCO list.

sophisticated balance of forces, with no mortar.

TARRAGONA The ancient Roman settlement of Tarraco is today an impressive archaeological site which has been declared a World Cultural Heritage Site by UNESCO. Its circus and amphitheatre are worth a visit. TOLEDO Muslims, Jews and Christians lived together for centuries here and left their mark on the streets, buildings and constructions of the town. The old city centre has been recognised by UNESCO. Andalusia form an important Renaissance complex with palaces and churches from the 16th and 17th centuries. Further information at: whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/es www.ciudadespatrimonio.org www.parador.es/en ÚBEDA AND BAEZA These two sister cities in

SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LA LAGUNA This city in the Canary Islands is the cradle of typical urban development in Latin America. The austere beauty of the buildings tells of its past as an interface of cultures. SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA The destination of thousands of pilgrims who follow the Way of St. James each year. According to legend, the remains of the Apostle James are preserved in the cathedral, an outstanding example of the artistic interplay of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles and Classicism. The old city was named a World Cultural Heritage Site. SEGOVIA Both the old city centre and the aqueduct have given this city a place on the UNESCO World Heritage list. The Roman aqueduct is a true masterpiece of technology, as it was built entirely of stone blocks that are held together merely through a

Our Cities    11

Coastal cities

Spain’s coastal cities are elegant and magical. Santander , nestled in a bay with long beaches, is located in the heart of one of the country’s most spectacular aristocratic, leans from between sheltering mountains out over the sea. Its historical city centre preserves a festive and sociable atmosphere, making it a unique town. A Coruña , speckled with flowers and orchards along the Atlantic, boasts typical white bay windows, elegant city districts and urban hustle and bustle. The prominent industrial city of Bilbao is growth-oriented and artistically inclined. Here we will find the Guggenheim Museum designed by Frank O. Gehry. Valencia is the archetype of a large Mediterranean city: fertile, bright and efficient. The City of Arts and Sciences, a cultural building and park complex, is its modern landmark. In addition to the sights, there is a great landscapes. Donostia-San Sebastián , seductive and

out towards the Atlantic, characterised by a special mixture of architectural styles and ways of life. Other Atlantic destinations are Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and San Sebastián de la Gomera , which combine traditional and modern elements in the Canary Islands.

deal of interest to be found in the local Fiesta. Alicante , the capital of the so-called Costa Blanca (White Coast), is one of the most important hubs of tourism in Spain; a beautiful city with a beach and plenty of sun that has preserved the charm of a quiet and orderly life. Palma de Mallorca , the capital of the Balearic Islands, harmoniously combines an interesting city centre, rich in Arab heritage and Gothic art, with its sports marina and its enormous attraction for tourism. del Sol (Coast of the Sun) is a coveted travel and recreational destination. Known for its serene, light-flooded city, it has constant commercial activity. Melilla and Ceuta , on the other side of the Strait of Gibraltar, hold within their walls a unique blend of cultures and religions. To the south lies Málaga , which along with the Costa

Above to the right: Views of Málaga from the Gibralfaro castle. Below to the right: Tower of Hercules in A Coruña. Below to the left: Falleras (spring festival) in Valencia.

Cádiz , cheerful, windy and colonial, leans from its bay

Above to the left: The traditional riders of the Feria de Abril, Seville. Above to the right: Courtyard of the Lions, the Alhambra in Granada.

Below to the left: Basilica del Pilar de Zaragoza. Below to the right: San Fermín festival in Pamplona.

Inland Cities

Zaragoza is the capital of Aragón and has, in addition to the Basilica El Pilar, many magnificent buildings in a Mudéjar style. Seville , the capital of Andalusia, colourful and elegant, is world- famous for the Giralda bell tower, as well as for its religious celebrations at Easter ( Semana Santa ) and secular festivals in April ( Feria de Abril ). Pamplona , the capital of Navarre, combines the magic of its medieval districts with its well-known running of the bulls on the occasion of the

festivals of San Fermín. Oviedo , the favourite city of Woody Allen, is the capital of Asturias; its old town centre has been stylishly restored. Logroño , the capital of the La Rioja region, is renowned for its quality wines and culinary specialties. Léon , once the capital of the Kingdom of Léon, boasts a vast Gothic cathedral and several Romanesque and Renaissance style churches. Valladolid , learned and dynamic, is located on the banks of the Pisuerga river. Burgos is as

beautiful as it is rich in Castilian history with its cathedral and monasteries. Murcia , a city on the Mediterranean with its orchards and vegetable gardens, attracts tourists with its Mediterranean prosperity and its 18th century Baroque style. Granada , at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the midst of an extremely fertile plain ( vega ), offers masterpieces of Islamic culture in the splendid palace of the Alhambra and the beautiful gardens of the Generalife.

Our Cities    13

National Parks

also numerous in the National Park of Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici . With its almost 200 lakes and ponds, it is the region with the most lakes in the Pyrenees. This same mountain range also shelters Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park , with a 3,355 metre high peak at Monte Perdido. This region, with its numerous hiking trails, has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Further south, in Andalusia , lies the unmistakable silhouette of the Sierra Nevada, just a few kilometres from the city of Granada. This mountain range is home to the highest peaks of the Iberian Peninsula, the Mulhacén (3,482 metres) and the Veleta (3,398 metres). The Sierra Nevada ski resort has the southernmost slopes in all of Europe. BIRD-WATCHING Spain is one of the European countries with the greatest number of IBAs (Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas) with more than 400 different species of birds. Six national parks are

Spain has a rich natural heritage in its national parks, and gives priority to protecting and conserving the natural spaces that comprise and encompass these areas. Mountains and wetlands, beaches and forests, lakes and volcanoes - the national parks of Spain are outstanding in their diversity and their impressive variety of species. HIGH MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARKS From single and multi-day hikes to fishing, mountain biking, adventure sports and skiing, Spain offers a wide variety of activities in an environment where water, an intense green landscape, winter and snow set the dominant tone. In the Picos de Europa , a retreat for endangered animal species such as the brown bear and the wood grouse, the visitor will find many interesting hiking trails, such as the tour of the Cares Gorge. The hiking trails along waterfalls, rivers and gorges are www.mapama.gob.es/es/red- parques-nacionales/

particularly recommendable for bird-watching. Islas Atlánticas National Park and the Cabrera Archipelago , the first maritime national park, house extensive nesting grounds for seabirds. The country’s biodiversity is particularly prominent in Doñana , which has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a unique place in Europe as the habitat of numerous migratory birds and other animal species such as the endangered Iberian lynx. In Tablas de Daimiel and Cabañeros National Parks, both in Castile-La Mancha, we find wetlands and forests which are traversed by boardwalks and paths from which many bird species can be seen. The same applies to Monfragüe National Park in Extremadura, home to the world’s largest colony of black vultures. CONTRASTS IN THE CANARY ISLANDS Contrasts reach their peak in the national parks located in the Canary Islands. The laurel forests of Garajonay National Park , a UNESCO World Heritage Site,

Above: Ordesa Valley. In the middle: Gradas de Soaso in Arazas. Below: El Teide, Tenerife.

transport visitors to ancestral eras. The volcanoes, crater and frozen lava of Timanfaya create a moon-like backdrop. And the wild and romantic barrenness of the Caldera de Taburiente, with its vertical sloping walls and over 2,000 metres of towering peaks, offers an impressive panorama. MountTeide , the highest mountain in Spain, is an awe-inspiring

volcano measuring 3,718 metres and one of the most spectacular geological sights in the world. To find out more about nature reserves, biosphere reserves and other natural areas, visit

www.spain.info/en/que-quieres/ naturaleza/

National Parks   15

Spanish cuisine

One of Spain’s greatest attractions is undoubtedly its cuisine. The quality and variety of our products make Spanish cuisine one of the finest in the world, and it has been declared an intangible heritage by UNESCO. Visitors and locals alike can enjoy a variety of typical tapas, Valencian paella, traditional stews, chorizo sausages and hams, and delicious desserts. Spain is characterised by a diverse regional cuisine.

occasional use of lard or bacon fat. Ingredients remain largely recognisable in the finished dish (no puréed or sweetened dishes), and herbs and spices are used sparingly. The Mediterranean diet is the basis of Spanish cuisine and is based on a balanced diet with simple preparation methods, using fresh regional ingredients and typical seasonings. Olive oil is one of the most important ingredients of Mediterranean cuisine, and Spain is the world’s leading country in olive oil production. The regions of Andalusia and Catalonia are particularly famous for their olive oil. Fruits, vegetables, legumes

Through the changing history of Spain, the local cuisine has been influenced by different cultures, in particular by the Moors and Sephardic Jews. In the Middle Ages, Spanish cuisine was enriched by the introduction of tomatoes, carrots, peppers and cocoa beans from the Americas. Spanish cuisine today includes a staggering variety of different ingredients, preparation styles and typical dishes, such as rich stews with legumes; vegetables; an abundance of meat, fish and seafood; seared foods; sautéed stew and sauce bases for casseroles, fish dishes and paella; a predominant use of olive oil for cooking, with the very

and nuts are also an important pillar of the Mediterranean diet. They are grown primarily in Navarre, La Rioja, Andalusia, Murcia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencia region. Valencia also cultivates large quantities of citrus fruits. Other integral fruit varieties are bananas from the Canary Islands, strawberries from Huelva and Aranjuez (Madrid), grapes from Vinalopó and peaches from Calanda (Aragón). Cereal products and grains such as rice also play a significant role in the Mediterranean diet, as we see with the paella from the Valencian region. Dairy products also are very popular, and

SPANISH HAUTE CUISINE In Spain we understand cuisine as an art that pleases the senses. A five-star culinary overture, a veritable symphony of flavours, textures, colours and presentation. The creations of chefs such as Adrià, Arzak, Berasategui, Ruscalleda, Santamaría, Subijana and Roca have catapulted Spain to the forefront of international haute cuisine. Their work is marked by originality and innovation and always combines traditional Mediterranean cuisine with creative methods. Many Spanish restaurants are famous worldwide. There are more than 180 restaurants with one or more Michelin stars in Spain, nine of which have received the highest possible honour, one in the Valencia region, one in Madrid, three in Catalonia and four in the Basque Country (in Bilbao, San Sebastián and Getaria).

the greatest dairy-producing regions in Spain are located in the north. We can enjoy traditional dairy desserts, such as milk curd ( cuajada ) or rice pudding, among others. Cheese is also a staple of the Mediterranean diet. Some cheeses are characterised by their intense flavour, including Manchego cheese (Castile-La Mancha), fresh cheese from Burgos (Castile-León), Cabrales (Asturias), Idiazábal (Basque Country) and Majorero cheese (Canary Islands). A moderate consumption of eggs and fatty fish or seafood is likewise characteristic of Spanish cuisine. One of the most typical egg dishes is the traditional Spanish tortilla , an egg and potato omelette. Fishing in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean yields a wide variety of products as well. Especially typical are sardines (Cantabria), cod (Basque Country) and fried fish or pescaíto frito in Andalusia, as well as the characteristic seafood of Galicia.

TAPAS / PINTXOS Spanish culture and the charm of the numerous bars and taverns can be best enjoyed on a tapas tour. Tapas are a diverse and exquisite selection of local cuisine (in the Basque country and La Rioja, these are pinchos or pintxos ). As a sort of warm-up to large, multiple-course meals, these small portions of food have become highly popular in Western kitchens. Tapas can be prepared using almost any product, with an endless number of presentations. These culinary specialties include dishes such as the unmistakable ham from acorn-fed Iberian pigs, the traditional Spanish tortilla , and

exquisite seafood, as well as culinary specialties of haute cuisine, which can also be prepared in small quantities as tapas. Every village and town Spain has bars and taverns, and we can often find entire districts specialising in tapas.

Spanish cuisine   17

Markets and street food

Covered markets, street food and gourmet markets have a long tradition in Spain; be it in Seville, Valencia, Toledo, Valladolid or Oviedo. Be sure to stop by for a visit that will certainly tempt your taste buds.

Above: Coat of arms in the famous market “La Boquería” in Barcelona. Below: Ribera Market on the bank of the Nervión River in Bilbao.

San Ildefonso was one of the first markets in Madrid to make street food its trademark. The gourmet market is a welcome change for anyone in the area of Chueca, Malasaña and Tribunal. The covered market, with its industrial design, offers eighteen different stands on three floors: seafood, fried food, sausages, tapas, meat brochettes, gourmet burgers, exquisite wines, crêpes and coffee from all over the world. Three bars and two terraces complete the market’s gourmet offer. Other well-known markets in Madrid are the Mercado de San Miguel, Mercado de San Antón, Mercado Moncloa and Platea Madrid.

In Barcelona, in the middle of La Rambla, you will find the Mercat de Sant Josep, the city’s most famous and most picturesque market, also known as La Boquería. Once an open-air market with stalls for merchants and farmers selling their products on the street, it was covered in 1914. The market, famous for its quality and diversity of products from all over the world, has a stunning variety of fruits, vegetables, meat and fish, as well as bars and restaurants.

The Ribera Market, built in 1929, measures 10,000 m 2 and is the largest covered market in Europe. This unique food market is located in the heart of the old city of Bilbao, at the mouth of the river. The façade is done in an Art Deco style, and its unique architecture allows natural light to shine in, illuminating the entire building. The market offers an extensive range of fish and seafood.

http://mercadodelaribera.net/

www.boqueria.info

One of the highlights to visit in Palma de Mallorca is the new Mercado de San Juan S‘Escorxador.

www.mercadodesanildefonso.com/

www.mercadosanjuanpalma.es/en/

The wine routes

The wine routes throughout the Spanish Association of Wine Cities (ACEVIN, www.acevin.es) offer you the opportunity to discover the culture and lifestyle associated with some of the most traditional Spanish wines. Many of the wineries have created tourist specials which revolve around these noble grapes. Visit wineries and wine cellars, learn about the manufacturing process, stroll among the vineyards, enjoy a tasting and discover how wines can be perfectly paired with different foods.

Above: Grape-growing in Lanzarote. Below: Vineyard in San Vicente de la Sonsierra, La Rioja.

THE BEAUTY OF GREEN SPAIN

Spanish vineyards are likewise ideal for many other activities such as horse riding through the vineyards, cooking classes, vinotherapy treatments, wine festivals with traditional grape stomping… the possibilities are manifold. This is the easiest way to discover Spain’s great cultural diversity. At the same time, you can enjoy the finest wines from La Rioja , Navarra in the middle of the region, the wines and cavas from Penedés between Barcelona and Tarragona, vintage wines from the districts of Somontano in Huesca, or the fruity whites of the Rías Baixas in Pontevedra. From central and southern Spain come the wines from Ciudad Real in La Mancha, the specialties from Montilla-Moriles in Córdoba, and the wines from Jumilla in Murcia.

saltwater spa treatments, more than a dozen golf courses, multiple water sports and river trips through Doñana National Park to the island of Sancti Petri , or through the natural park of the bay of Cádiz .

The wine route of Rías Baixas leads to Galicia in northern Spain. Along the route you can find places such as Sanxenxo, O Grove or Vilagarcía de Arousa , the spa resort of the famous island of La Toja , Islas Atlánticas National Park and Rías Baixas marine resort. THE HEAT OF THE SOUTH Along the Costa de la Luz in the province of Cádiz in Andalusia is the wine and brandy route of Marco de Jerez. Multiple bodegas in Sanlúcar de Chiclana and Puerto Real entice us after a day at sea with their exquisite backdrops. The area also offers health facilities and thalassotherapy centres for Barrameda, Chipiona, Rota, El Puerto de Santa María,

CANARY ISLANDS PARADISE Tenerife and Lanzarote are

another destination where we will find vineyards and beaches. The route offers beaches like Las Arenas , with volcanic sand, or fishing villages such as San Andrés . From the numerous vantage points in the area you will have a stunning view of the incredible contrasts between the green of the landscape and the blue of the Atlantic. Diving, paragliding, hiking, fishing, water- skiing and many more activities are available here

Spanish cuisine   19

Art & culture The cultural heritage of Spain, one of the richest and most extensive in the world, is the culmination of a number of factors that have coalesced over thousands of years of Spanish history. National Prado Museum, Madrid

The geographic location of the country on the Iberian Peninsula, halfway between Africa and Europe, played an important role in creating this rich heritage. The first settlers were the Celts and Iberians, and from this time we have the first testimonies written about the Iberian Peninsula. It is said that Hispania (as the Romans called the Peninsula) is a word of Semitic origin deriving from Hispalis (Seville). From 1100 BC until the middle of the third century BC, the

Phoenicians and Greeks had trade and cultural contact with the Mediterranean civilizations, but toward the end of this period, both civilizations were repressed by the Carthaginians and the Romans. Roman presence in Hispania lasted for seven centuries, during which the most important characteristics of the peninsula were shaped in relation to other European populations. In addition to the inherited territorial administration of Rome, there were institutions

such as the concept of family, religion, law, Latin as the official language, and many more. MUSEUMS Historical heritage is nourished by a mosaic of different civilizations, cultures and traditions. The great currents of culture and art have manifested themselves in Spain in a highly unique way, made evident by the numerous and outstanding museums and exhibitions which have gained world-wide fame.

Madrid : The Prado Museum. Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum. Reina Sofia Museum. Museum of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. National Archaeology Museum.

Barcelona : National Art Museum of

Catalonia Fundació Joan Miró.

Picasso Museum. Museum of Contemporary Art.

Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao.

Other Museums : National Sculpture Museum (Valladolid). Museum of Fine Arts (Seville). Museum of Fine Arts (Valencia). City of Arts and Sciences (Valencia). National Museum of Roman Art in Mérida (Badajoz). Guggenheim Museum (Bilbao). Museum of Abstract Art (Cuenca). Dalí Theatre-Museum (Figueres). Picasso Museum (Málaga). http://directoriomuseos. mcu.es/dirmuseos/ mostrarBusquedaGeneral.do FOLK FESTIVALS Throughout the year, more than 250 fiestas take place in Spain, meaning that the calendar is marked each month by an interesting date. We begin with the Christmas holidays and the procession of the Three Kings who bring gifts to the children on the night of January 5th. In February we have the colourful Carnival, with

FESTIVALS AND EVENTS Summer in Spain is an endless stream of festivals: unique opportunities to experience open air music and theatre in exclusive locations. Many of these festivals take place at historic sites such as castles, palaces or gardens. The great classics are the focus of many festivals. The theatre festival of Mérida (Extremadura) is held in a remarkable Roman theatre which is part of the archaeological ensemble of Mérida, on the UNESCO World Heritage list. The Classical Theatre Festival of Almagro in Castile-La Mancha, held since 1978 in the streets and monuments of the city, has an excellent reputation. In Castile- León, the Olmedo Clásico festival in Olmedo (Valladolid) is becoming increasingly popular as well. There are also acting workshops and an international conference on classical theatre. CLASSICAL THEATRE FESTIVALS

the most well- known parades in Cádiz and Santa Cruz de Tenerife. March brings us the gigantic papier mâché figurines of the Fallas in Valencia, followed by the festivities of Holy Week in April and the fun of the April Fair in Seville. During the summer, countless patron saint festivals, the bonfires for Saint John and other traditional These are just a few examples of the most famous festivals in Spain. Other original traditions are horse racing on the beach in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, the opportunity to dress as a knight in a medieval Mediterranean market, a tribute to wine at a wine festival, or a canoe race down the Sella River in Asturias. And those who travel to the region of Valencia at the end of August can experience the world-famous tomato battle called La Tomatina in Buñol. ceremonies take place throughout the country.

www.tomatina.es/en

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Traditional Carnival in Verín, Ourense.

PERFORMING ARTS FESTIVALS Many summer festivals are devoted to different art forms. For example, the program for Santander’s International Festival (Cantabria) combines dance, music and classical and modern theatre. This is also the case of the Grec Festival in Barcelona. Another popular initiative in Madrid is the Veranos de la Villa festival, which also includes film and Zarzuela (a kind of operetta) on its agenda. And of course we have Andalusia, with the Granada Festival of Music and Dance, which takes place in the surroundings of the Alhambra, the Generalife and the Albaycín, declared by the UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage - an extraordinary setting for dance, music and flamenco.

JAZZ NIGHTS Jazz aficionados visiting in July will get their money’s worth in practically every region. Here are just a few examples: the Pontevedra International Jazz and Blues Festival in Galicia; the Getxo, Vitoria-Gasteiz and San Sebastián Jazz Festivals in the Basque Country, the jazz festival held in the Palace of Music in Valencia; the San Javier Jazz Festival in Murcia; and Jazz y Más in the Canary Islands. FILM FESTIVALS These events are of exceptional importance, as they both furnish an opportunity to judge the projected films and provide recognition for the professional performance of all involved. Of interest in international film circles are the San Sebastián International Film Festival, the Valladolid International Film Week (Seminci), the Sitges Science Fiction Film Festival in the province of Barcelona, the Black Week in Gijón, and

weeks in San Sebastian in the Basque Country is of particular relevance, with opera, classical ballet and symphony concerts on the agenda. The Murcia region hosts the famous Cante de las Minas International Flamenco Festival, a must for all flamenco fans. Also in Murcia is the La Mar de Músicas festival focusing on folk music, with a different country featured each year. We find a similar concept at the International Festival of Torroella de Montgrí in Girona (Catalonia). This music festival combines classical and world music, which are also present at festivals such as the Pyrenees Folk Festival and the Pirineos Sur festival, both in Aragón, the Celtic World festival in Galicia, and Etnosur in Andalusia. The region of Andalusia offers one of the most outstanding concert series of the summer: the Córdoba Guitar Festival. The event is Spanish through and through, as the guitar is always the focus of classical, flamenco, rock and blues concerts.

MUSIC FESTIVALS In many cities in Spain,

classical music concerts take place on summer evenings. The Quincena Musical music

The City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia.

the Huelva Ibero-American Film Festival in the province of Cádiz. EXHIBITIONS AND CONFERENCES Spain now has one of the largest networks of exhibition centres worldwide. The fairgrounds of numerous cities, including Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, Seville, Silleda (Pontevedra) and Elche (Alicante) have been enlarged and optimised. Trade fairs and exhibitions cover sectors ranging from tourism, construction, food, cars, fashion, textiles, shoes and leisure, with the highest number of exhibitors and visitors. Over 20% of the events can be grouped within the tourism, sports and leisure sector. Of particular note is

FITUR, one of the three most important tourist fairs in the world, held annually in Madrid.

Granada and Valencia boast their decorative azulejos , floor and wall tiles whose production dates back to the Middle Ages. Artisanal leather processing is another well-known craft. Cordobán , which is embossed Córdoba leather often decorated with gold for embellishment, has been made in Córdoba for centuries. The interested shopper will also find top-of-the-line designer clothing, footwear, bags and accessories, with production done mainly in the regions of Andalusia and the Levant. The prestige and popularity of Spanish designers have launched the fashion sector onto the international stage. Events such as the Gaudí fashion label in Barcelona and the Cibeles fashion show in Madrid

www.scb.es

ARTWORK AND FASHION Tradition and creativity unite under a quality seal which gives Spanish products recognition

worldwide. Thanks to the prestige acquired over the

centuries, as well as to its varied designs, Spain’s craftsmanship is represented by practically all of its regions. Ceramics from Talavera de la Reina, Puente del Arzobispo (Toledo) or Sargadelos (Galicia) and many other workshops are known all over the world, and the Manises school (Valencia) is famous for its exclusive creations. Castellón de la Plana, Toledo, Seville,

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In Spain, you’ll find your favourite purchases.

present seasonal creations by Spanish fashion designers. The distinctive style of Ibizan or Mediterranean fashion has enjoyed great success, along with the resulting industrial boom. The craftsmanship of ornamental fabrics bearing a Moorish influence lends to the great value of the magnificent embroidery, needlework and lace-making from Lagartera (Toledo), the beautiful bobbin lace from Almagro (Ciudad Real), the fine lace of Camariñas (Galicia) and many other forms of artisan work. Other noble materials such as glass and wood have also found a prominent place in Spanish handicrafts. The glass factory in La Granja (Segovia) still produces wonderful glasswork, and the glassware from Cadalso (Madrid), Cuenca, Orense,

Castril and María (Granada) and Mataró (Barcelona) are highly valued by collectors. Woodwork, both figurines and religious carvings, as well as products from the furniture industry, have an important place among Spanish products and are mainly produced on the coast of the Levant, Castile and northern Spain. Other artistic endeavours include damascene ware ( damasquinado ) from Toledo, based on a centuries- old technique of inlaying and products from the steel industry (Albacete, Toledo), where the weapons forged are world- famous. SHOPPING Shopping in Spain yields top brands, international designers and luxury, trendy, creative, traditional or folk fashion,

exclusive companies and large fashion chains. Many cities are home to well-known designer boutiques, large shopping areas and modern, attractive models. Stores and shops often remain open until late in the evening. Madrid is the showcase of a thousand styles, where glamorous and alternative fashion strike a balance. On the Golden Mile in the Salamanca district of Madrid, with streets like Serrano and Ortega y Gasset, you will find the most famous Spanish and international luxury brands. On Calle Fuencarral you will find the unique Mercado de San Ildefonso shopping centre and other original shops. On Sundays you can visit the Rastro , a street market in the heart of the city.

Shopping in the centre of Madrid.

Barcelona is a veritable catwalk for both the most exclusive and the most casual fashion, stretching over five kilometres of the most emblematic streets of the city, including the Ensanche district around Avenida Diagonal and the Paseo de Gracia with its designer boutiques, as well as the more innovative avant-garde districts in the area of Barrio Gótico and El Born. Santiago de Compostela combines design and tradition throughout the Ensanche district and the old town, declared by UNESCO as World Cultural Heritage, where we will find numerous examples of Galician art. Many of the most famous brands of today’s Spanish styles come from this area. Bilbao offers shopping surrounded by avant-garde architecture in the streets of the

Ensanche and around Gran Vía. We recommend sampling the popular pintxos to accompany your shopping spree. Valencia is a fashion mecca that follows the latest trends. Well-known fashion designers have set up shop in the area around Colón, but you should also take a stroll through the streets around the town hall and the cathedral, where you will find shops with a traditionally rich assortment and famous Valencian ceramics. Seville is a delight for fashion lovers. The popular establishments of the city centre sell traditional clothing, such as embroidered shawls and flamenco mantillas, and items of the finest craftsmanship. Shopping centres, large franchise chains and exclusive brands are located in the urban part of Nervión.

Shopping with a sea view is particularly rewarding in the Canary Islands, the Balearic Islands or the Costa del Sol, where the exclusive brands and boutiques of Puerto Banús (Marbella) are sure to please. Fashion in Spain has big names. If you want to discover all the new collections first hand, the Cibeles Fashion Week held in Madrid in February and September should be at the top of your list. And you mustn’t forget Spain’s most famous designer boutiques, such as Custo Barcelona, Roberto Verino, Victorio and Lucchino, Manolo Blahnik and Davidelfín in Madrid. Cities like Córdoba, Granada, Salamanca and Zaragoza also offer a wide variety of shopping options.

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Sports & leisure A mild climate, its seven thousand kilometres of coastline and its many mountains provide Spain with optimum conditions for exciting sports challenges. Many sporting activities, including golf, cycling or hiking, can be practised year round.

WATER SPORTS The water sports offered in

The best wind conditions are in Tarifa in Cádiz and the area of the Strait of Gibraltar. The south of Andalusia, Huelva, Cádiz, Málaga and Almería are particularly popular for this exhilarating sport. Murcia, the region of Valencia, Catalonia and the Balearic Islands complete the possibilities on the Spanish Mediterranean. CANOEING AND KAYAKING Whitewater canoeing is one of the most exciting forms of canoeing. The Noguera Pallaresa in the Pyrenees offers the most famous rapids for this version of the sport. Other rivers and navigable areas in Spain include the Ulla River (Galicia): rapids alternating with calm waters. Bidasoa (Navarre): a short river with spectacular landscapes. Tajo-Headwaters (Guadalajara): 100 km of pristine river landscape with many passable sections and a whitewater area. Declared as a Natural Park. Gállego River (Aragón): the water volume is very stable so canoeing is

possible year round. Northern Spain: downriver runs are possible in the upper reaches of the Ebro, on the Navia and the Eo. Central Spain: Burguillo Reservoir, Tiétar (Ávila), Tormes (Salamanca) and the gorge in the Hoces del Río Duratón Natural Park (Segovia). SURFING The world’s top surfers come to the coasts of Spain for its spectacular beaches, its multiple species of sea creatures and the perfect waves, winds and currents. In addition to traditional surfing you can practise bodyboarding, kneeboarding, skimboarding, stand up paddle boarding and longboarding. Cantabria is a pioneer for surfing in Spain. Recommended beaches in this area are Los Locos (Suances): located on the central coast of Cantabria and surrounded by cliffs. Canallave and Valdearenas (Liencres-Pielagos): both are located in the Liencres Dunes Nature Reserve and are areas of great natural beauty.

Spain cover all bases: sailing, snorkelling, water aerobics, water-skiing, water polo, diving, windsurfing/surfing, parasailing, kite surfing, kayaking, cruises, charter boats, catamarans and whale watching. Visitors will find centres across the country that organise water sports and activities, such as the Santa Susanna Water Sports Centre on the Costa del Maresme in the province of Barcelona. DIVING Every diving fan should visit the spectacular underwater world off the Spanish coast. Divers can explore worlds under the ice, have a look around shipwrecks and caves, experience a night dive or simply snorkel on the water’s surface. KITESURFING The top kitesurfing areas in Spain lie mainly on the Atlantic coast of Andalusia, the Mediterranean and in Fuerteventura (Canary Islands).

Somo and Loredo (Ribamontán al Mar): Somo is one of the most famous beaches for surfers and the first surfing nature reserve in Spain. Ris (Noja): this four- kilometre long sandy beach is one of the busiest beaches in Noja. In addition, you can find over 200 kilometres of coast for surfing in the Canary Islands. El Confital (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria): the waves here are considered to be the best in the Canary Islands. El Quemao (Lanzarote): the volcanic rock bottom is particularly suitable for advanced surfers. El Socorro (Tenerife): this beach is particularly well-known due to its regular use for competitions and as a training area. Surfing options are available in other regions as well, including Mundaka beach in the Basque Country, Yerbabuena in Cádiz or Rodiles in Asturias. WINDSURFING One region that is internationally known for its prime windsurfing conditions is Tarifa, in the province of Cádiz, the so-called Wind Capital of Europe. The best-known beaches include Bolonia beach, where you can visit the Roman ruins of Baelo Claudia. You may also visit Playa Chica: the especially clear waters are only used by windsurfers during the winter season, as windsurfing is prohibited in summer. Valdevaqueros beach: the city beach of Tarifa, famous for its favourable winds. Dos Mares beach: a very long beach,

Above: Surfing by the Barceloneta beach, in Barcelona. Below: Mountain

climbing in the Catalan Pyrenees.

Europe. The country offers 35 ski resorts with optimum quality snow and many hours of sunshine (also in winter), along with first-class facilities, specially-designated areas for beginners, well-trained ski instructors and a wide range of additional activities for the perfect winter holiday. Numerous restaurants, pubs and discos lend a lively nightlife to the resorts. GOLF Spain is the European leader for golf tourism due to its optimum playing conditions. Marbella, in the province of Málaga, located in the south of Andalusia, is one

popular with windsurfing fans. The Canaries are also good for windsurfing: Gran Canaria with Pozo Izquierdo and Vargas, the beaches of Jandía and the Sotavento beach in Fuerteventura, Las Cucharas on the Costa Teguise in Lanzarote and the Médano beach on the southern coast of the island of Tenerife. SKIING From the peaks of the Pyrenees to the cliffs of the Iberian Mountain Range, from the Picos de Europa to the Sierra Nevada in Granada, Spanish ski resorts are among the most important winter sport destinations in

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