Anatomy & Physiology I and II

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide gastroepiploic artery) and pancreas (pancreatic arteries); and the common hepatic artery, which supplies arteries to the liver (hepatic artery proper), stomach (right gastric artery), gallbladder (cystic artery), and duodenal area (gastroduodenal, right gastroepiploic, and superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries). • The superior mesenteric artery arises about 2.5 cm (1 in.) inferior to the celiac trunk to supply arteries to the pancreas and duodenum (inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery), small intestine (intestinal arteries), and most of the large intestine (right and middle colic and the ileocolic arteries). • The inferior mesenteric artery arises about 5 cm (2 in.) superior to the terminal aorta and delivers blood to the terminal portions of the colon (left colic and sigmoid arteries) and the rectum (rectal arteries). The abdominal aorta also gives rise to five paired arteries: • The i feri phrenic arteri s supply the inferior surface of the diaphragm and the inferior portion of the esophagus. • The suprarenal arteries originate on either side of the aorta near the base of the superior mesenteric artery. Each suprarenal artery supplies one suprarenal gland, which caps the superior part of a kidney. • The short renal arteries (about 7.5 cm) arise along the posterolateral surface of the abdominal aorta, about 2.5 cm (1 in.) inferior to the superior mesenteric artery, and travel posterior to the peritoneal lining to reach the suprarenal glands and kidneys. • The gonadal arteries originate between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. In males, they are called testicular arteries and are long, thin arteries that supply blood to the testes and scrotum. In females, they are termed ovarian arteries and supply blood to the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus. The distribution of gonadal vessels (both arteries and veins) differs by gender. • Small lumbar arteries arise on the posterior surface of the aorta and supply the vertebrae, spinal cord, and abdominal wall. Arteries of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs Near the level of vertebra L4, the terminal segment of the abdominal aorta divides to form a pair of elastic arteries—the right and left common iliac arteries—plus the small median sacral artery. The common iliac arteries, which transport blood to the pelvis and lower limbs, descend posterior to the cecum and sigmoid colon along the inner surface of the ilium. At the lumbosacral joint, each common iliac divide to form an internal iliac artery and an external iliac artery. The internal iliac arteries enter the pelvic cavity to supply the urinary bladder, the internal and external walls of the pelvis, the external genitalia, the medial side of the thigh, and, in females, the uterus and vagina. The major tributaries of the internal iliac artery are the gluteal, internal pudendal, obturator, and lateral sacral arteries. The external iliac arteries supply blood to the lower limbs and are much larger in diameter than the internal iliac arteries. Arteries of the Thigh and Leg Each external iliac artery crosses the surface of an iliopsoas muscle and penetrates the abdominal wall midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis on that side. It ©2018 Achieve Test Prep Page 270 of 367