SPORT 1913 - 2013

part one_CHAPTER 5

Table 1: The three post-war seasons of non-profit sport organizations.

Mass Sport

Welfare Sport

Sport for all / for everybody

Historical period

1945 – late ‘60es

‘70es – ‘80es

Since the ‘90es

Coherence of the subsystems

High

Middle

Low

Logics of learning

Goal-view

Mostly goal-view

Process-view

Organizational model

Vertical and hierarchical Amateurism-oriented and multi-sports societies Archetype= Mass left party Low specialization

Increasing role of technical structures One-sport clubs and promi- nent role of performance-ori- ented specialties (Groeningen 1971) Increasing public support and funding (State, Municipalities, etc.) Decline of traditional political loyalties Increasing technical and cul- tural elaboration on sports practices Sport as a citizenship right Cooperation with national and international networks (na- tional powers, IOC)

Loosely coupling

Self help Inter-organizational network

Both vertical and horizontal structure Increasing insertion in the non-profit system Single issue movements Pressure groups Enforcement of international networks Promoting a new citizenship Representation of organised non-profit interests Emphasis on social role of sport Organised individualism Integration of “new sport citizens” and social inclusion

Self-financing

Framework

Integrative institutions Sport promotion

Declared goals

Reinforcement of identity Emancipation of lower classes Criticism of commercial hy- percompetitive sport and champion worship

Cultural patterns

Social solidarity

Health and care Fitness Expressive practices Weak integration

“Negative integration” Political militancy

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