CColumbus

Presents

Christopher Columbus

By Janet Giel-Romo, Ed.D.

Copyright 2015 All Rights Reserved Austin and Lily Solutions Photo credit: Shutterstock license. www.AustinLily.com

Georgios Kollidas Shutterstock.com

Christopher Columbus was born in Italy about 600 years ago. He was an explorer. He wanted to find a better route to the East Indies.

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2 Back then, people in Europe wanted tea and spices from the East Indies.

The East Indies was far away from Europe. Traveling there was dangerous. Pirates stole things from ships.

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Europe

East Indies

Columbus had an idea. He wanted to try a new route to the East Indies. Columbus needed money to pay for the voyage.

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Columbus asked kings and queens to pay for the voyage. They all said “No”! Finally, the King and Queen of Spain said YES!

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Columbus was given 3 ships for the voyage. The ships were the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria.

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Columbus had 90 crew members. They sailed for about 60 days. They got nervous. They wanted to go home. Finally, they saw land! They were happy!

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Pineapples were a new fruit that Columbus found in the Bahamas.

Columbus was excited. He found several beautiful islands. The islands are now called the Bahamas.

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Columbus was confused. He called the Native Americans Indians. He thought he was in the East Indies.

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New World

East Indies

Columbus was not in the East Indies. He was far away from it. Columbus was on land the Europeans did not know about. They called it the New World.

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11 The Bahamas and other islands in that area now belonged to Spain. The land was now a Spanish Colony.

Columbus was excited. The King and Queen of Spain were happy. The Native Americans were confused. That was their home.

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After Columbus, many explorers looked for ways to get to the East Indies. Many of the explorers found new land to explore in the New World.

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Copyright 2015 All Rights Reserved Austin and Lily Solutions www .AustinLily.com

Presents

Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi)

By Janet Giel-Romo, Ed.D.

Copyright 2015 All Rights Reserved Austin and Lily Solutions Photo credit: Shutterstock license. www.austinlily.com

The Ancestral Puebloans lived long, long ago in the Southwest. They were Native Americans.

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The Navajo Indians called the Ancestral Puebloans “Anasazi”. Anasazi meant “ancient enemies”. Enemies are people who do not like each other.

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The Pueblo Indians did not want their ancestors to be called “Anasazi”. Their name was changed. It is now Ancestral Puebloans. Pueblo Indian

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The Ancestral Puebloans lived near the Four Corners. The Four Corners is where Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico meet.

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Rob Crandall/shutterstock.com

The Ancestral Puebloans lived in cliff dwellings. They were homes on the side of mountains.

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The homes were high on the side of a cliff. They used ladders to get into their houses. The ladders were like stairs.

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The Ancestral Puebloans carved pictures in rocks. They are called petroglyphs. People are not sure exactly what the pictures mean.

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They also painted pictures on rocks. They are called pictographs. Archeologists study the pictures. They want to know what they mean.

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Tourists can visit Mesa Verde National Park. It is in Colorado. Park rangers show tourists the Ancestral Puebloans’ homes, petroglyphs, and pictographs.

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Copyright 2015 All Rights Reserved Austin and Lily Solutions www .austinlily.com

Presents

The Pilgrims

By Janet Giel-Romo, Ed.D.

Copyright 2018 All Rights Reserved Austin and Lily Solutions Photo credit: Shutterstock license. www.AustinLily.com

The Pilgrims were from England. They were the first people to move to America. They started a settlement.

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The Pilgrims moved to America because of religion. There was only one religion allowed in England. It was the Church of England.

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The Pilgrims did not like the Church of England. They had their own religion. They were Separatists.

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The Pilgrims asked King James if they cold have their own religion. King James said, “NO”.

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Joseph Sohm / Shutterstock.com

The Pilgrims could have their own religion in America. They moved to America. They sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. Their ship was called the Mayflower.

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6 There were no rules in America. The Pilgrims made rules. The rules were called the Mayflower Compact.

The Pilgrims landed in America in December of 1620. The Pilgrims got off the ship. They stepped on a rock. They named it Plymouth Rock. They called their settlement Plymouth.

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There were no cities in Plymouth, Massachusetts. There were no houses, stores, or doctors. The

Pilgrims had to build their settlement in the forest.

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The Pilgrims lived on the ship. They tried to build houses and barns. It was winter. They did not have a lot of food.

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It was very cold. A lot of Pilgrims got sick with pneumonia. Many Pilgrims died.

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In the spring, the Pilgrims needed to grow food. Squanto was a Native American. He taught the Pilgrims how to grow corn and other vegetables.

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The vegetables grew all summer. In the fall, the Pilgrims had a good harvest. They had food to eat.

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The Native Americans helped the Pilgrims a lot. The Pilgrims were very grateful.

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The Pilgrims and Native Americans celebrated the harvest. They prepared a feast. This is called the first Thanksgiving.

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William Bradford was a Pilgrim leader. He wrote about the Pilgrims in Plymouth. That is how we know about the Pilgrims today.

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Presents

Custer’s Last Stand

By Janet Giel-Romo, Ed.D.

Copyright 2018 All Rights Reserved Austin and Lily Solutions Photo credit: Shutterstock license. www.austinlily.com

Many American Indians lived west of the Mississippi River before the Civil War. There were not many white settlers out west.

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After the Civil War, many white settlers moved west of the Mississippi River. This caused problems between the Plains Indians and the settlers.

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Many different Indian tribes lived on the Great Plains. They hunted buffalo. They ate the meat and used the hide to make leather.

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The Great Plains Indians were nomads. They followed the buffalo. They slept in teepees. Teepees were easy to move.

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Many new settlers wanted land out west. They wanted to live out west and farm.

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Gold was discovered in the Black Hills. The Black Hills belonged to the Sioux Indians. Many Prospectors moved out west to look for gold.

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Many people moved out west to get jobs making railroad tracks. In the 1860s a railroad was being built out west. It went all the way to California.

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The Plains Indians and the new settlers didn’t get along. The government made the Plains Indians move to reservations. They did not want to move. It was not fair.

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Sitting Bull was a famous Sioux Indian leader. He and many other Indians liked moving around and hunting buffalo. They didn’t stay on the reservation.

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Buffalo skull

The U.S. military had a plan to make the Plains Indians stay on the reservation. The plan was to kill the buffalo out west. Then there would be no buffalo to hunt.

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The U.S. Military also sent Lt. Col. Custer with 265 men out west. They tried to force Sitting Bull and other American Indians back to their reservations.

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In 1876, Custer and his men arrived at Little Big Horn. They attacked the Indians. The Indians fought back and won that battle. Custer and his men were killed. The battle was called “Custer’s Last Stand’.

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Don Mammoser / Shutterstock.com

Don Mammoser / Shutterstock.com

The U.S. Military and the American Indians fought many battles out west. Eventually the Indians lost. They were forced to move back to their reservations .

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