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Malcolm, I. G. (1994a). Discourse and discourse strategies in Australian Aboriginal English. World Englishes , 13 (3), 289–306. Malcolm, I. G. (1994b). Aboriginal English inside and outside the classroom. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics , 17 (2), 147–180. Malcolm, I. G., Haig, Y., Konnigsberg, P., Rochecouste, J., Collard, G., Hill, A., & Cahill, R. (1999). Two-way English: Towards more user-friendly education for speakers of Aboriginal English . Perth, WA: Education Department of Western Australia and Edith Cowan University. Malin, M. (1990). The visibility and invisibility of Aboriginal students in an urban classroom. Australian Journal of Education , 34 , 312–329. Mason White, H. (2012). Learning from good practice: Implementing the Early Years Learning Framework Service Profiles . SNAICC Resource 2012. Retrieved from http:// www.snaicc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/02902.pdf McLeod, S., Verdon, S., & Bennetts Kneebone, L. (2014). Celebrating young Indigenous Australian children’s speech and language competence. Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 29 , 118–131. Minichello, V., Sullivan, G., Greenwood, K., & Axford, R. (1999). Handbook for research methods in health sciences . Sydney: Pearson Education. NHMRC. (2003). Values and ethics: Guidelines for ethical conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research . Retrieved from https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/ guidelines-publications/e52 Oliver, R., Rochecouste, J., Vanderford, S., & Grote, E. (2011). Teacher awareness and understandings about Aboriginal English in Western Australia. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics , 34 (1), 60–74. Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Simpson, J., & Wigglesworth, G. (2008). Children’s language and multilingualism: Indigenous language use at home and school . London, UK: Continuum International. Stewart, J. (2002). The relevance of the “learning styles debate” for Australian Indigenous students in mainstream education. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education , 30 (2), 13–19. Zimmerman, F. J., Gilkerson, J., Richards, J. A., Christakis, D. A., Dongxin, X., Gray, S., & Yapanel, U. (2009). Teaching by listening: The importance of adult–child conversations to language development. Pediatrics , 124 (1), 342–349. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2267 Gwendalyn Webb , a lecturer and clinical educator in speech pathology at University of Newcastle, is studying her PhD through Curtin University. Cori Williams is an associate professor in the School of Psychology and Speech Pathology at Curtin University. Her interests encompass language, literacy and cross-cultural and Indigenous issues in speech pathology.

and Aboriginal children and families. It is important for SLPs to be aware of the various factors described in this paper, both systemic and personal, which may impact Aboriginal children’s communication and literacy development. References Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2015). NAPLAN achievement in reading, persuasive writing, language conventions and numeracy: National report for 2015 . ACARA, Sydney. Retrieved from http:// www.nap.edu.au/verve/_resources/2015_NAPLAN_ national_report.pdf Australian Children’s Education & Care Quality Authority. (2015). National Quality Framework. Retrieved June 1, 2015, from http://www.acecqa.gov.au/national-quality-framework Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority (ACECQA). (2009). Belonging, being and becoming: The early years learning framework for Australia National Quality Framework . DEEWR (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations). Retrieved from http://files.acecqa.gov.au/files/National- Quality-Framework-Resources-Kit/belonging_being_and_ becoming_the_early_years_learning_framework_for_ australia.pdf Australian Early Development Census (AEDC). (2014). Our children, our communities, our future . Retrieved 1 Dec. 2014 from http://www.aedc.gov.au/ Australian Institute of Family Studies. (2014). Longitudinal study of Australia’s children (LSAC) . Retrieved from http:// www.aifs.gov.au/institute/media/mediabackgrounders/lsac. html Braun, V., & Clarke., V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology , 3 (2), 77–101. Commonwealth of Australia. (2015). Closing the gap: Prime Minister’s report (2015) . Retrieved from www. dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/Closing_the_ Gap_2015_Report.pdf Cummins, J. (1986). Empowering minority students: A framework for intervention. Harvard Education Review , 56 (1, Spring), 18-37. Department of Social Services (DSS). (2015). Footprints in time: Longitudinal study of Indigenous children (LSIC) . Key summary report from Wave 5. Retrieved from https:// www.dss.gov.au/about-the-department/publications- articles/research-publications/longitudinal-data-initiatives/ footprints-in-time-the-longitudinal-study-of-indigenous- children-lsic/key-summary-report-from-wave-5 Dickinson, D. K., & Tabors, P. O. (2001). Beginning literacy with language: Young children learning at home and school . Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brooks. Dockett, S., Mason, T., & Perry, B. (2012). Successful transition to school for Australian Aboriginal children. Childhood Education , 82 (3), 139–144. Dunn, M. (2001). Aboriginal literacy: Reading the tracks. Reading Teacher , 54 (7), 678–687. Eckermann, A., Dowd, T., Chong, E., Nixon, L., Gray, R., & Johnson, S. (Eds.) (2010). Binan Goonj: Bridging cultures in Aboriginal health . Sydney: Churchill Livingstone. Ellis, E., Brooks, M., & Edwards, H. (2010). The impact of Aboriginal English (or Torres Strait Creole) on learning outcomes for Indigenous children in ACT preschools and preschool programs . Armidale, NSW: Centre for Applied Research in Social Science (CARSS). Harrison, N. (2004). Self-recognition and well-being: Speaking Aboriginal English in healthy classrooms. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education , 33 , 7–13.

Correspondence to: Gwendalyn Webb MA(Ling), BAppSci(SpPath), CPSP Lecturer in Speech Pathology School of Humanities and Social Science Faculty of Education and Arts University of Newcastle (UON) University Drive, Callaghan 2308, NSW Australia email: gwendalynwebb@gmail.com phone: +61 2 49215694

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JCPSLP Volume 19, Number 1 2017

www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au