2017 Resarch Forum

SG: M-8

Applicant: Margaret Liu MS II Principal Investigator: Ruby Skinner MD FACS FCCP FCCM

A preliminary analysis of risk factors associated with fatal collisions in Arizona Margaret Liu MS II 1 , Mark Fischione MD 1 , Ruby Skinner MD FACS FCCP FCCM 2 1 University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix 2 Kern Medical, Department of Surgery

INTRODUCTION: In Arizona there are approximately 146 citizens injured daily due to collisions and fatal incidents are estimated at approximately 700/yr. These injuries have significant social and financial impact. PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate dominant patterns of injury associated with fatal collisions to identify factors for future injury prevention measures. METHOD: This is a retrospective descriptive study. Collisional fatality data from the majority of counties in Arizona (86%) was obtained from the Maricopa County coroner’s database spanning from January 2012- January 2015. Descriptive analysis of factors including; demographics, toxicology reports, and driving behaviors was conducted. RESULTS: Demographics: The study set included 350 subjects and the mechanisms of injury were: MVC (n=228, Drivers 56%), motorcycle collisions n=42, pedestrian n=35, ATV/bicycle n=15, helicopter n=2, and unknown n=28. The age was 45 SD 20, and the majority were men, n=243. Elderly (≥ age 65) deaths comprised the minority at 17% and MVCs were common, 70%. Toxicology data: Alcohol levels above the legal limit accounted for 26%. Additional toxicology data revealed: benzodiazepines 8.5%, THC 10%, amphetamines/cocaine 9% and opiates 5%. Study subjects with combinations of the illegal substances were at 50%. In the elderly subset only 10% had positive toxicology at the time of death. Operator behaviors: Automobile drivers with no seatbelt use was 30%, and 12% were ejected. The majority of motorcycle drivers did not use helmets, 70%. DISCUSSION/ CONCLUSIONS: Fatal collisions in the majority of Arizona counties were primarily related to motor vehicle collisions. High-risk behaviors based on the use of illegal substances prior to the fatal injuries, in particular, a combination of illegal substances was predominant. The lack of helmet use was also common in motorcycle fatalities. Overall, these preliminary data underscore the need for ongoing preventative/education measures related to illegal chemical use and helmet usage for drivers of motor vehicles and motorcycles. More data is needed, particularly, data related to illegal mobile phone use while driving to optimally target future legislation and prevention.