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Davidson, N. (1998). Enhancement of neurotransmitter release induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cultured hippocampal neurons. The Journal of Neurosci ence, 18 (24), 10231–10240. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEU ROSCI.18-24-10231.1998 Lin, T. W., & Kuo, Y. M. (2013). Exercise benefits brain func tion: The monoamine connection. Brain Sciences Journal, 3 (1), 39–53. Lu, B., & Chow, A. (1999). Neurotrophins and hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity. Journal of Neurosci ence Research, 58 , 76–87. Mahar, M. T., Murphy, S. K., Rowe, D. A., Golden, J., Shields, A. T., & Raedeke, T. D. (2006). Effects of a classroom based program on physical activity and on-task behavior. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38 (12), 2086–2094. Mahindru, A., Patil, P., & Agrawal, V. (2023). Role of physi cal activity on mental health and well-being: A review. Cureus, 15 (1), Article 33475. Newlove-Delgado, T., McManus, S., Sadler, K., Thandi, S., Vizard, T., Cartwright, C., & Ford, T. (2021). Child mental health in England before and during the COVID-19 lock down. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8 (5), 353–354. Ratey, J. (2008). Spark: The revolutionary new science of exer cise and the brain . Little, Brown and Company. Reed, J., & Buck, S. (2009). The effect of regular aerobic ex ercise on positive-activated affect: A meta-analysis. Psy chology of Sport and Exercise, 10 (6), 581–594. Schell, A., & Dawson, M. E. (2001). Psychophysiology. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (pp. 12448–12452). Schmolesky, M. T., Webb, D. L., & Hansen, R. A. (2013). The effects of aerobic exercise intensity and duration on lev els of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy men. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 12 (3), 502–511. Suzuki, W., & Fitzpatrick, B. (2016). Healthy brain, happy life: A personal program to activate your brain and do everything better . First Dey Street Books. Thoenen, H. (1993). Neurotrophins and neuronal plasticity. Science, 270 (5236), 593–598. Trudeau, F., & Shephard, R. J. (2008). Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic per formance. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5 , Article 10. Tomporowski, P. D. (2003). Effects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition. Acta Psychologica, 112 (3), 297–324. van Praag, H., Christie, B. R., Sejnowski, T. J., & Gage, F. H. (1999). Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proceedings of the Nation al Academy of Sciences, 96 (23), 13427–13431. van Praag, H., Schubert, T., Zhao, C., & Gage, F. H. (2005). Exercise enhances learning and hippocampal neuro genesis in aged mice. The Journal of Neuroscience, 25 (38), 8680–8685. York, T. T., Gibson, C., & Rankin, S. (2015). Defining and measuring academic success. Practical Assessment, Re search, and Evaluation, 20 (5),1-20.

a continually expanding body of research in psychophysi ology (Schell & Dawson, 2001). After addressing the role of exercise, professional development opportunities might consider extending to the role of additional physiological factors like sleep and nutrition in the student experience. The good news is there are thousands of experienced pro fessionals already working in schools. Within that army of teachers, health and physical education teachers have a fantastic opportunity to support all educators, if adminis trators and those constructing learning environments em power them to do so. Reference Abrams, Z. (2023). Teaching social-emotional learning is under attack. Monitor on Psychology, 54 (6), 28. Borg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exer tion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 4 (5), 377–381. Castelli, D. M., Hillman, C. H., Buck, S. M., & Erwin, H. E. (2007). Physical fitness and academic achievement in third- and fifth-grade students. Journal of Sport and Exer cise Psychology, 29 (2), 239–252. Chomitz, V. R., Slining, M. M., McGowan, R. J., Mitchell, S. E., Dawson, G. F., & Hacker, K. A. (2008). Is there a rela tionship between physical fitness and academic achieve ment? Positive results from public school children in the northeastern United States. Journal of School Health, 79 (1), 30–37. Cleveland Clinic. (2024, May 1). Rate of perceived exer tion (RPE) scale . https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/ articles/17450-rated-perceived-exertion-rpe-scale Davis, J. D. (2021). Bodyweight exercises. In P. T. McHenry & M. Nikita (Eds.), NSCA’s guide to high school strength and conditioning (pp. cite). Davis, J. D. (2023a). Using the High Order Performance Framework for effective leadership. Journal of Character and Leadership Development, 10 (3), 77–84. Davis, J. D. (2023b). A framework for evaluating movement and sedentariness in schools. Strategies, 36 (4), 44–48. Davis, J.D. (2026). Practical Application of an Exercise Inter vention to Enhance Mood, Focus, and Wakefulness in Schools . [White paper]. Bedrock Education. Davis, J. D., & Newlon, M. (2022). Exercise-induced enhance ment of focus and calm [White paper]. BrainCo Technolo gies. Hettena, C. M., & Ballif, B. L. (1981). Effects of mood on learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73 (4), 505–508. Hillman, C., Pontifex, M., Raine, L., Castelli, D., Hall, E., & Kramer, A. (2009). The effect of acute treadmill walking on cognitive control and academic outcomes in preado lescent children. Neuroscience, 159 , 1044–1054. Lamb, K. L., Eston, R. G., & Corns, D. (1999). Reliability of ratings of perceived exertion during progressive tread mill exercise. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 33 (5), 336–339. Li, Y.-X., Zhang, Y., Kesterm, H. A., Schuman, E. M., &

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