CYIL Vol. 6, 2015

THE CREATION OF NEW STATES AND DE FACTO REGIMES, AND THE CASE OF CRIMEA THE CREATION OF NEW STATES AND DE FACTO REGIMES, AND THE CASE OF CRIMEA

Jan Ondřej

Abstract: So called de facto regimes are various entities which have certain features of a state that often came into existence on the basis of a breach of international law including the use of armed forces. It can be said that the legal and real situation are not always in accordance. De facto regimes, however, can survive thanks to other states or deployment of foreign armed forces. They will never be recognized by the international community or a large number of states and will therefore remain in isolation. Their existence depends on the support of a small number of states or the superpowers which recognized them. An example is the so called the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which came into existence as a result of military action by Turkey on Cyprus in 1974. Resumé: Takzvané de facto režimy jsou různé útvary mající určité znaky státu, vznik- ly však často i na základě porušení mezinárodního práva, včetně použití ozbrojené síly. V této souvislosti je možné poznamenat, že právní a faktický stav nejsou vždy v souladu. De facto režimy však mohou přežívat pouze díky cizím státům, případně rozmístění cizích vojenských jednotek. Nebudou nikdy uznávány mezinárodním společenstvím, nebo větším počtem států a zůstanou v izolaci. Jejich existence zá- visí na podpoře malého počtu států, nebo mocností které je uznaly. Jako příklad je možné uvést tzv. Severokyperskou tureckou republiku, která vznikla jako důsledek vojenského zásahu Turecka na Kypru v roce 1974. Key words: De facto regimes, statehood, recognition, subject of international law. On the Author: doc. JUDr. Jan Ondřej, CSc., DSc. is an Associate Professor (Docent) of International Law at the Charles University Law Faculty in Prague and Vice-Rector and Head of the Department of Law and Security at the Private University College of Economics Studies, Ltd. in Prague. Mr. Ondřej is the author of a textbook of International Public, Private and Trade Law (2014) and of many publications on international spaces (space law, law of the sea, Antarctica), e.g. the publication The Law of International Spaces (2004), disarmament and international security, e.g. the publication Disarmament – Means of Ensuring the International Security (2008). He also co-authored the publication International Humanitarian Law (2010).

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