Eternal India Encyclopedia

Eternal India encyclopedia

LURE - THRU THE AGES

THE CHALUKYAS OF KALYANA 973-1189 A.D.

also defeated Chalukyas of Gujarat and the Paramaras of Dhara; he was suffering from an incurable disease and he died by drown- ing himself in Tungabhadra river in 1058; he was succeeded by his elder son Somesh- wara II. Vikramaditya VI (1076-1127): His long rule has been one of the chief features of the history of Karnataka; started a new era "Chalukya Vikrama - era" beginning with the cyclic year Nala in 1076 A.D. to com- memorate his accession to the throne; in- vaded the Paramara territories 3 times (1077, 1087 and 1097); conquered Nolam- bavadi and Vengi; defeated Hoysalas; cap- tured Kanchi in 1105; he was religious minded, Bilhana of Kashmir was his court poet, also patronised Vijnaneshwara a noted jurist; scholars have considered his rule as a bright period in Karnataka history, Bilhana described it as 'Ramarajya', "A king like Vikramaditya is neither to be seen nor heard of, (Vijnaneshwara); he was succeeded by his son Someshwara III. The Kalachuris under Bijjala took control of Kalyana after the death of Taila III in c.1162 A.D.; thus there followed the Kala- churis interregnum from 1162 A.D. and con- tinued till 1183.

Overview * The Chalukyas of Kalyana claim de- scent from the Chalukyas of Badami. -* Taila was the founder of the dynasty (973 A.D.) * Someshwara I and Vikramaditya VI were the greatest among the rulers of Kalyana. * Progress of Kannada and Sanskrit liter- atures. Advent Taila, a feudatory of Rashtrakutas, overthrew Rashtrakuta Karka II in 973 A.D. and established the Chalukyas of Kalyana kingdom.

Chronology * Taila II

* They issued coins like Dramma, Gadyanaka etc., in Gold. * Followed orthodox Hinduism, Bud- dhism was declining. * In the field of literature, both Kannada and Sanskrit writings flourished; ‘Vikramankadeva Charita’ of Bilhana; 1 Mitakshara ' of Vijnaneshwara ‘Manasol- lasa’ of King Someshwara HI; ‘Gadhayud- dha’ and ‘Ajitapurana’ of poet Ranna; ‘Govaidya ’ - A work on veterinary sci- ence, by Vikramaditya VI. * Their temples are mainly found at Kon- nur and Savadi, Jain temples at Lakkundi; the most notable temples are: The Kashivisveshwara temple at Lakkundi, The Mahadeva temple at Itagi and The Kuruvatti temple.

(973-97)

* Satyashraya

(997-1008) (1008-15) (1015-43) (1043-68) (1068-1076) (1076-1127)

* Vikramaditya V * Jayasimha II * Someshwara I * Someshwara II * Vikramaditya VI * Someshwara III * Jagadekamalla II

(1127-39) (1139-49) (1149-62) (1159-89)

* Taila III

Administration * Kingship was hereditary.

* Someshwara IV

* The empire was divided into provinces like Gangavadi, Banavasi, Nolamba- vadi, Belvola; Mandals (provinces) ex- isted; land revenue was the main source of income.

Someshwara I : Made Kalyana a perma- nent capital and a great city; he invaded Vengi, captured Kanchi; defeated and killed Rajadhiraja of Cholas at Koppal (1054); again defeated Cholarajendra II in 1059;

984-1343 A.D.

HOYSALAS

Paramaras 974-1060 A.D.

Overview * They ruled over the Mysore plateau in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries A.D. The Kingdom extended from the Tungabhadra region to the Cauvery region. Sasavur, Belur and Dwarasamudra were the suc- cessive capitals of the kingdom. * Vishnuvardhana and Ballala II were the most famous rulers of this dynasty. * They were great builders of temples. The most magnificent temples were built at Belur, Halebidu (Dwara-samudra), Somnathpur, Arasikere, Nuggehalli, Arlaguppa and other places in Karnataka

districts of Mysore, Mandya, Bangalore, Hassan, Chik-magalur, Chitradurga, Shimoga and Bellary. * The great dancer Queen Shantala belonged to this dynasty. * The famous sculptor Jakanachari lived during this period.

Upendra was the founder of this dynasty in 820 A.D. Munja (974-975): He was a poet and also a great patron of poets. Raja Bhoja (1018-60) : His capital was Dhara. He built the 250 sq. m. Bhojpur lake in Bhopal. He fell a victim to the combined attack of the rulers of Gujarat and Chedi.

Chronology * Sala(Hoysala) * Vinayaditya * Nrupakama * Vinayaditya II * Ballala I

(984-1006) (1006-1022) (1022-1047) (1047-1106) ( 1100 - 1110 )