Eternal India Encyclopedia

Eternal India encyclopedia

PEOPLE

OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN

vii) Trade and commerce viii) Transport, storage and communications and ix) Other services.

The 1991 census data relating to employment distributes

workers into nine categories : i) Cultivators ii) Agricultural labourers Livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting and plantations, or- chards and allied activities. Mining and quarrying Manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs; a) house- hold industry and; b) in other than household industry. Construction iii) iv) v)

Since no census was conducted in Jammu and Kashmir in 1991 and no census was conducted in Assam in 1981 both these states have been excluded in the India figures for 1981 and 1991. The statement below shows the number of total workers, main workers, marginal workers and non-workers as percentage of total population in 1981 and 1991 in India excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir.

Vi)

Total Workers, Main Workers, Marginal Workers, and Non-Workers as percentage of Total Population, 2013.

percent

Unemployment Rate

4.90

5.20

9.40

4.90

Thousand

Employed Persons

29650.00

28999.00

29650.00

17491.00

Million

Unemployed Persons

44.79

40.17

44.79

5.10

Million

Population

1238.89

1223.58

1238.89

359.00

Retirement Age Women

60.00

60.00

60.00

60.00

Retirement Age Men

60.00

60.00

60.00

60.00

percent

Labor Force Participation Rate

52.50

50.90

52.90

50.90

INR

Wages

4.83

5.07

5.47

3.12

INR

Wages In Manufacturing

6.25

6.55

6.97

3.92

percent

Youth Unemployment Rate

12.90

18.10

18.10

12.90

However the increase in the female work participation rate in 1991 is to be viewed in the light of the special efforts made to enumerate the large number of those working as unpaid workers on farm and family enterprises. Most of these workers happen to be women. The enumerators were specially trained on the need to probe into the economic activities being carried out by females. The increase in the female work participation rate in 1991 is to be viewed in the light of the above efforts. The statement below shows the number of main workers during 1981 and 1991 by industrial categories. It may be recalled that both in the 1981 and the 1991 Censuses, essentially the same concepts of “work” and “worker” have been followed. However, in the

It can be seen from the table that the proportion of total workers, main workers and marginal workers as percentage of total population (Work Participation Rate - WPR) has increased in 1991 compared to 1981, both in urban and rural areas. Consequently, the percentage of non-workers has declined. During the decade 1981- 91 the percentage of female workers, both main and marginal, has increased in urban and rural areas. In contrast, the corresponding percentages for main and marginal male workers have declined in rural areas. In urban areas while the proportion of male main workers has increased slightly in 1991 over that of 1981, the percentage of marginal workers has declined. As a matter of fact, the total work participation rate for males in urban areas has slightly declined.