BHS Secondary Science

e. Evaluate mechanisms by which pollutants modify the pH of various environments (e.g., aquatic, atmospheric, soil). Key Terms solution, solute, solvent, concentration, molarity, percent concentration, boiling point, freezing point, acid, base, pH, indicator, titration, hydrogen ion, neutralization, parts per million, concentrated, dilute, dissolve Essential Extension (If Time Permits) Eliminate Solutions:

• Molarity, Percent by Mass • Determine number of

• Vapor pressure

• Use the terms solute and solvent in describing a solution • Sketch a solution at the particle level (ionic and molecular) • Design and conduct an experiment to determine the factors affecting the rate of dissolution (agitation, particle size/surface area, temperature) • Describe concentration qualitatively and quantitatively (relative amount of solute and molarity calculations) • Define and relate parts per million (PPM) to any environmental issue Colligative Properties: • Measure change in boiling and/or freezing point of a solvent when a solute is added • Apply colligative properties (road salt, cold packs, antifreeze, etc.) Acids & Bases: • Calculate molarity of acids and bases • Relate hydrogen ion concentration to pH values and to the terms acidic, basic or neutral. [1*10^- 7= pH 7], [1*10^-3= pH 3] • Using an indicator, measure the pH of common household solutions and standard laboratory solutions, and identify them as acids and bases • Determine the concentration of an acid or a base using a simple acid-base titration. (Moles of H+ = Moles of OH-) • Relate acids and bases to real world problems/issues.

particles for solutes (Van’t Hoff factor) calculations using pH=-log[H+]

• pH vs pOH

Math Skills

Literacy Standards

Calculate Molarity

RST-6: Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or an experiment in a text, defining the question the author seeks to address. RST-7: Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words.

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