BHS Secondary Science

Galaxies and the Universe

Earth Science

Quarter 4

McGraw Hill Module 24

RESOURCES

PACING: 5 DAYS

● Module Launch: 45 min ● Lesson 1: 90 min ● Lesson 2: 135 min ● Lesson 3: 135 min ● Module Wrap-Up: 45 min

Module 24 ● Phenomena: Why did it take so long to discover other galaxies? ● Lesson 1: The Milky Way Galaxy? ● Lesson 2: Other Galaxies in the Universe ● Lesson 3: Cosmology ● Unit 4 STEM Project: Viable Habitat for Humans on Mars

LEARNING PROGRESSIONS

STANDARD

ESS.1.2 Construct an explanation ​ of the Big Bang theory based on astronomical evidence of electromagnetic radiation, motion of distant galaxies, and composition of ​ matter ​ in the universe. Emphasize redshift of electromagnetic radiation, cosmic microwave background radiation, and the observed composition and distribution of matter in the universe. (PS4.B, ESS1.A)

● The discovery of variable stars aided in determining the shape of the Milky Way. ● Global clusters of old stars are found in the nuclear bulge and halo of the Milky Way. ● The spiral arms of the Milky Way are made of younger stars and gaseous nebulae. ● Hubble’s law helped astronomers discover that the universe is expanding. ● The Big Bang model came from observations of density and acceleration. ● The critical density of the universe, along with the amount of dark energy, will determine if the universe is open or closed.

● Cosmic background

radiation supports the Big Bang theory.

● The universe is made

mostly of dark matter and dark energy, whose natures are unknown. ● Conditions of outer space aren’t the same as conditions on Earth..

ESS 1.4 Design a solution to a space exploration challenge by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through the structure and function of a device.

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