8th Grade Science Guide

8.1: Chemistry 3 Dimensions & Progressions

Unit 2

STANDARD ● 8.1.5 Develop a model that uses computational thinking to illustrate cause and effect relationships in particle motion, temperature, density, and state of a pure substance when heat energy is added or removed . Emphasize molecular-level models of solids, liquids, and gasses to show how adding or removing heat energy can result in phase changes, and focus on calculating the density of a substance’s state. (MS-PS1-4) ● 8.1.7 Design, construct, and test a device that can affect the rate of a phase change. Compare and identify the best characteristics of competing devices and modify them based on data analysis to improve the device to better meet the criteria for success. (MS-PS1-6)

CONCEPTS

SKILLS

● Particle Motion ● Temperature ● Density ● Pure Substance ● Energy

● Cause & Effect ● Computational thinking ● Develop a Model

LEARNING PROGRESSIONS

● Motion energy is properly called kinetic energy. ● Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter present. ● The term “heat” as used in everyday language refers both to thermal energy (the motion of atoms or molecules within a substance) and energy transfers by convection, conduction, and radiation (particularly infrared and light). In science, heat is used only for this second meaning; it refers to energy transferred when two objects or systems are at different temperatures.

VOCABULARY

● Temperature ● Phase change ● Thermal energy ● Kinetic energy ● Thermometer ● Melting

● Freezing ● Condensation ● Evaporate ● Vaporize ● Collide

● Expand ● Conductor ● Insulator ● Convection ● Conduction ● Radiation

POSSIBLE PHENOMENA ● Different bulbs are foating in the Galileo thermometer inside the classroom than in the Galileo thermometer that is outside the school. ● The hot air balloon operator has to change the rate of propane burning based on the time of day.