AOAC SPIFAN Stakeholder Panel Meeting Book (September 7, 2019)

Historical Overview

1900 – Moro & Tissier Bacterial composition in breast-fed infants’ feces different than of bottle- fed infants

End of 19 th century Observed that breast-fed infants: - higher changes of survival - Less incidences of infectious diarrhea & diseases

1925 – Schönfeld -Growth-promoting factor of Bifidobacterium bifidus “ Bifidus factor ”

1886 – Escherich Relation between bacteria and infant physiology

1954

1885

1900

Pediatrics / Microbiology Chemistry

1888 – Eschbach - Human milk contains “a different lactose” than bovine milk - “Human milk lactose” more heterogeneous

1930 – Polanowski & Lespagnol - Heterogenous carbohydrate fraction “ gynolactose ” - Not soluble in MeOH, contained hexosamines, consists of various components

1954 – Kuhn & György - Bifidus factor = gynolactose = HMO Montreuil - Chromatographic separation of fucosyllactoses

Deniges - “lactose” the same

- Presence of an unknown carbohydrate fraction in HM

Historical Overview

- Detected >200 HMO - Identification of ~160 HMO structures

- Studies on HMO biosynthesis - Studies on HMO metabolism - Studies on beneficial health effects - Methods for quantification - Studies for (chemical/microbial/enzymatic) synthesis - …. Research groups (selection) Egge, Kunz, Rudloff, Newburg, Urashima, Donovan, Bode, …

50’s - Kuhn – György & collaborators - Montreuil & collaborators Identification of several HMO

today

1954

1967

1969

2015- 2019

70’s/ 80’s / 90’s …

1969 – Kobata - Fingerprints of HMO: three different patterns - Absence of fucosylated HMO in non-secretor women

1967 - Grollmann & Ginsburg - 2’-Fucosyllactose not present in non-secretor women.

SPIFAN WG on HMO - Method development

- Large scale availability of selected HMO - First infant formula fortified with selected HMO