IMRT

Preoperative chemoRT or RT alone?

 EORTC 22921 (1) and FFCD 9203 (2) : preoperative 5-FU chemoRT superior over RT alone with respect to pCR and LC, but no difference in:  Overall survival

 Rate of sphincter sparing surgery  Occurrence of distant metastases

(1) Bosset et al., N Engl J Med 2006 (2) Gérard et al., J Clin Oncol 2006

Bosset et al, Lancet Oncol 2014

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