PracticeUpdate: Haematology & Oncology

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7 . Role of mathematical modelling A novel subject that reflects the benefit of integration of pathology, molecular biology and mathematics is in Simmons et al 7 , which reviews the role of mathematical modelling and simulation in deciphering breast cancer heterogeneity and underlying biophysical processes. Different models are elucidated including equation-based models, agent-based modelling, multi-scale modelling, lattice-based models and image-driven modelling. Novel aspects of breast cancer dynamics and perspectives on the role of mathematical modelling in understanding breast cancer development, invasion and treatment therapies are presented. 8 . Diagnosing salivary gland-like tumours Salivary gland-like tumours are rare breast lesions characterised by epi- thelial and myoepithelial differentiation and they mimic salivary gland tumours. The morphology and immunoprofile of these lesions are widely variable and overlapping and these, in addition to their rarity, make their diagnosis in routine practice a challenging task. Prior knowledge of their classification, morphologic and immunophenotypic features is essential for the correct diagnosis, and knowledge of their clinical behaviour is essential in guidingmanagement decisions. Foschini and colleagues 8 in their article have provided a comprehensive overview of salivary gland-like tumours. 9 . Diagnosing vascular proliferations Vascular lesions are another area of diagnostic challenge. Although rare, different types of vascular lesions develop in the breast and it is not uncommon to find difficulty in distinguishing benign/atypical from malignant vascular entities despite the fundamental difference in the clinical behaviour andmanagement of the two. The commonplace use of local radiotherapy is associated with an increased risk of atypical/malig- nant vascular lesions, and specialist breast pathologists often face the dilemma of over- or underdiagnosis of low grade angiosarcoma on a core biopsy in addition to dealing with angiosarcoma in excision specimens. Ginter and colleagues 9 discuss the clinicopathological features of the most commonly encountered mammary vascular proliferations with some insight into differential diagnoses and ancillary studies that can be used to provide the most accurate diagnosis. Knowledge of diagnos- tic pitfalls in breast pathology can improve the accuracy of reporting and avoid unnecessary consequences.

10 . Mimics of malignancy Torous and colleagues 10 in their review address some benign entities that may be misinterpreted as malignant lesions (mimics of malignancy) and describe the salient features of these entities in an attempt to improve the awareness of such challenging lesions. Mucocele-like lesions, collagenous spherulosis,tubular adenosis, granular cell tumour, myofibroblastoma, Toker cells, lymph node epithelial inclusion and breast epithelial displacement following biopsy procedures are discussed in details with differential diagnosis, immunoprofile and management.

These Top 10 topics on breast cancer pathology are available collectively in a special issue of Pathology ( Pathology 2017; 49). Also available at www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00313025

References 1. Rakha EA, Green AR. Pathology 2017;49:111–9. 2. Ross JS, Gay LM. Pathology 2017;49:120–32.

3. McCuaig R, Wu F, Dunn J, et al. Pathology 2017;49:133–40. 4. Ali R, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S, et al. Pathology 2017;49:156–65. 5. Penault-Llorca F, Radosevic-Robin N. Pathology 2017;49:166–71. 6. Luen SJ, Savas P, Fox SB, et al. Pathology 2017;49:141–55. 7. Simmons A, Burrage PM, Nicolau Jr DV, et al. Pathology 2017;49:172–80. 8. Foschini MP, Morandi L, Asioli S, et al. Pathology 2017;49:215–27. 9. Ginter PS, McIntire PJ, Shin SJ. Pathology 2017;49:197–214. 10. Torous VF, Schnitt SJ, Collins LC. Pathology 2017;49:181–96.

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Discover more about rare haematology Visit our new resource centre rarehaematology.elsevierresource.com Bringing you relevant content: • Expert opinion • Journal articles – full text available to download • Current research • Conference coverage including ASH and EHA

The Rare Haematology Resource Centre is funded by Sanofi Genzyme and developed by Elsevier. Sanofi Genzyme has no editorial control over the content of the Resource Centre. All content therein has been subject to an independent editorial review.

Sanofi Genzyme is the specialty care global business unit of Sanofi, focused on rare diseases, multiple sclerosis, oncology and immunology. 12–24 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park NSW 2113 Australia. Date of preparation: January 2017. GZANZ.CERZ.17.01.0006

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