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For most experimental purposes related to the very upper portion of the Earth’s crust, the 173 O, A and B horizons tend to dominate sample collection and handling practices. Figure 2 174 is an actual soil profile showing the boundaries and variability of depth of horizons. The 175 soil in Figure 2 has a 4-inch A horizon above a 20-inch B horizon. The C horizon is of an 176 unknown depth. Soil horizons can vary in depth from a few inches to 40 feet or more. 177

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Figure 2. Soil Profile with measurements in inches. Reprinted from 179 https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/nj/soils/?cid=nrcs141p2_018867

7.0 Characterization and Selection of Soils

7.1 Soil Characterization Tests

7.1.1 Physico-Chemical Characteristics 185 impact the performance of an analytical method or system. Three main soil properties are 186 Soil is a very complex medium and the physico-chemical characteristics of a soil can

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