September 2019 HSC Section 1 Congenital and Pediatric Problems

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 115 (2018) 10–18

E. Cole et al.

Fig. 2. The percentage of patients undergoing a second injection (A), surgical repair (B), or either second injection or repair (C) over time. Neither second injection nor surgical repair was signi fi cantly more common in any age group compared with the others.

was not signi fi cantly di ff erent when comparing pre- and post-injection or between the age groups.

3.6. MBS fi ndings

Finally, the percentage of patients with penetration (without as- piration) or aspiration (with or without cough) during MBS is shown in Fig. 4 . MBS did not reveal any signi fi cant decreases in penetration or aspiration in the 67 patients tested with thins pre- and post-injection. Penetration was observed in 15/67 (22.4%) patients pre-injection and 16/67 (23.9%) of patients post-injection, while aspiration was observed in 45/67 (67.2%) pre-injection and 39/67 (58.2%) post-injection. MBS with nectar was completed in 53 patients. While the prevalence of penetration pre- and post-injection was not signi fi cantly di ff erent (pre: 11/53, 20.8% vs post: 16/53, 30.2%), there was a signi fi cant decrease in aspiration post-injection (pre: 31/53, 58.5% vs post: 20/53, 37.7%; McNemar χ 2 (1) =5.26, p = 0.035). Finally, in the 20 patients tested with honey-thickened liquids during MBS, injection did not sig- ni fi cantly decrease the prevalences of penetration (pre: 4/20, 20.0% vs post: 4/20, 20.0%) or aspiration (pre: 6/20, 30.0% vs post: 4/20, 20.0%). There were also no signi fi cant di ff erences in any of these

3.5. FEES fi ndings

The percentages of patients with penetration (without aspiration) or aspiration (with or without cough) on FEES are also shown in Fig. 4 . Thirty-six patients underwent FEES with thin liquids pre- and post- fi rst injection; 9/36 (25.0%) patients had penetration on FEES pre-injection and 8/36 (22.2%) had penetration post-injection ( Fig. 4 B). Although there was not a signi fi cant decrease in penetration post-injection, there was a signi fi cant decrease in aspiration; 21/36 (58.3%) had aspiration pre-injection and 6/36 (16.7%) had aspiration post-injection (McNemar χ 2 (1) = 10.7, p =0.002; Fig. 4 C). Only one patient underwent FEES before and after injection with nectar and only two did so with honey. These patients did not display any penetration or aspiration at these consistencies. There were no signi fi cant di ff erences in any of these parameters between the age groups.

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