Мастера архитектуры • Илья Голосов

HOCTSIMM KOHKpeTHblX

MaTepMallOB , aeCbMa CMMnTOMaTM4HO,

Ha nepeoi:i

CTa–

AMM pa3pa60TKM

ceoei:i

TeopMM

nOCTpoeHMSI

apXMTeKTYPHblX

opraHM3MOB

H. ronocoa

HaMepeHHO

a6cTpar1-1poea11csi

OT CTpOMTellbHoro

MaTep1-1a11a M

apxMTeKTYPHO - AeKopaTMBHblX XYAO>KeCTBeHHO-KOMn03MU,MOHHble

3/leMeHTOB.

Ero

MHTepecoBallM

/lMWb

TaKMe

HMKaK He CBSl-

3aKOHOMepHOCTM, M C KOHKpeTHblMM

KOTOpble

3aHbl C KOHKpeTHblM

MaTepMa/lOM

CTM/leBblMM

cpopMaMM .

OH paccMaTpMBa/1

npo611eMbl

B3aMMOOTHOWeHMSI

o6"beMOB,

xapaKTep

061.L1,e11 M T. A ,

o6"beMHOH

KOMn03MU,MM , pMTMM4eCKMe

3aKOHOMepHOCTM,

nponopU,MM

H. ronocoaa

K npo611eMaM

apx1-1TeKTypH011

KoMno3MU,MM

Ha

TaKOH noAxOA

nepBOM

3Tane pa3pa6oTKM

TeOpMM nocTpOeHMSI

apxMTeKTypHbl

X opraHM3MOB

OTHIOAb He CBMAeTellbCTByeT

O TOM, 4TO OH HeAOOU,eHMBa/1

TOrAa p011M KOH–

KpeTHOro

CTpOMTellbHOro

MaTepMa/la Hao6opoT,

B cpopMMpOBaHMM

XYAO>KeCTBeHHoro

MMeHHO noToMy , 4TO H. ronocoa

06111-1Ka 3AaHMSI . CKopee,

npe–

KpacHo 6eHHO

OC03HaBa11 6onbwoe

XYAO>KeCTBeHHOe

3Ha4eH Me MaTepMana

M oco-

BllMSIHMe MaTep1-1a11a (KaMHSI,

Aepeea)

Ha Bb tpa6oTKY

KOHKpeTHblX

XYAO>KecTBeHHO-KOMn03MU,MOHHblX

CMCTeM (HanpMMep , K/laCCM4eCKOro

OpAe –

pa) c MX cpopMaMM

1-1AeKopoM,

OH 1-1nonbtTallCSI

Ha nepBblX

nopax

KaK 6bt a6-

H. r onocoay

npeoAoneTb

a

CTparMpoeaTbCSI

OT MaTep1-1a11a.

3To

noMorno

CBOeM cpopM,

co6cTBeHHOM

TBOp4eCTBe

8/lMSIHMe TpaAMU,MOHHblX

apXMTeK TypHbl X MaTepMallOM .

CBSl3aHHblX CBOMM npOMC XO>KAeHMeM C onpeAelleHHblM

H. f 0/lOCOB,

nepeK11I04MB

u,enMKOM

ceoe

BHMM aHMe Ha MCClleAOBaHMe

xyAo>KecTBeHHblX

3aKOHOMepHOCTeH

KpynHOH cpopMbl,

nocTeneHHO

oceo6o>K–

AaeTCSI OT B11MSIHMSI KllaCCMU,MCTM4eCKOH

XYAO>KeCTBeHHOH

CMCTeMbl cpopM

M

npMeMOB . EMy Aa>Ke CTano Ka3aTbCSI , 4TO CTM/leBble

cpopMbl

M KOHKpeTHblH

CTpOMTellbHblH

MaTepMan

eoo61.L1,e He MrpalOT cyl.Ll,eCTBeHHOH po11M B cpopMM–

poeaHl1M

XYAO>KeCTBeHHOro

0611MKa 3AaHMSI , 4TO ece onpeAellsteTCSI

o6"beM–

HblM nOCTpOeHMeM

- KpynHOH K npo6neMe

cpopMOH,

TaKoi:i noAXOA

xyAo>KeCTBeHHoro

o6pa3a

M 6b111 ocHoaoi7t

H. r onocoaa

TBOp4eCKoro

KpeAO

WKO/lbl

1920-1924

rr. Bo MHOr0M

TaKOH

n0AX0A

K p011M KpynHOH

cpopMbl

CTa/1 OAHOH M3 onpeAe11SIIOW,11X oco6eHHO–

H. ronocoaa

H ace >+

Ha ece noc11eAy10LL1,Me rOAbl.

CTeH TBOp4ecTea

H. ro11ocoeb1M

(npe>KAe

acero

a Teop1-111) xyAo>KecT–

no11Hoe MrHop11poeaH11e aeHHOH po1111 KOHKpeTHoro

MaTep1-1a11a M CTM11MCTl14eCKM onpeAelleHHblX

ap–

Xl1TeKTypHblX

cpopM xapaKTepH0

MMeHH0 A11SI Ha4a/la

20-x rOAOB. 3To 6bt110

epeMSI , KOrAa CTOpOHHMKM HOBOH apx11TeKTYPbl

6op011MCb

C HeOKllaC CMKaM11 ,

He CTO/lbKO np0TMB0n0CTaBllSISI

TpaAMU,MOHHblM

cpop M aM HeKMe H0Bble cpop–

M bl, CKO/lbKO nepeK11I04aSI

eoo6w,e

OTBeprasi

apx11TeKTypHO - AeKopaTMBHble

3/leMeHTbl

11

BHMMaHMe apXMTeKTOpOB

C M3y4eH11SI TpaAMU,110H HblX cpopM

Ha

o6"be M a (1-1. ronocoa)

M apx11TeKTyp–

3aKOHOMepHOCTl1 HOro npocTpaHcTea

nocTpoeHMSI

KpynHoro

(H. JlaAOBCKMH).

OAHaKO

apx11TeKTypa

HMKOrAa

He pa3BMBanacb , a ClleAOBaTe/lbHO,

He

M e XX e ., He cpopMMp _ysi KOHKpeTHYIO

Morna

pa3BMeaTbCSI

x yAo>KecTeeHHO·

KOMn0311U,M0HHYIO

CMCTeMy cpeACTB

M npMeMOB,

MMelOLLl,11X CTMJ1eey10 onpe–

AelleHHOCTb.

npou,ecc

cpopM11poeaHMSI

TaKOH CTM1111CTM4eCKM onpeAelleHHOH

CMCTeMbl H0BblX cpeACTB CoaeT– CKOH e11acT11, BHe 3aBMCl1MOCTl1 OT Toro, np113HaBa11M MllM HeT Heo6xoAl1MOCTb «HOBoro CTMllSI» CTOpOHHMKM Tex 111111 1Hb1X H0BaT0pCKl1 X Te4eHl1H. A CTOpoH– Hl1KM HOBaTOpCKMX Te4eHl1H (11 CMMB011114eCKOro poMaHTl13Ma, M pau,110Ha11113- Ma, M KOHCTPYKTMBl13Ma) AeHCTBl1TellbHO aKTMBHO conpoTl1B11Sl/111Cb T0rAa npe- M npMeMOB np011CXOA1111 M B nepBble r0Abl

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