Мастера архитектуры • Илья Голосов

8 3Ha'IHTenbHOH

creneHH

yrpa<1eHHblMH

HaBblKH Ci!MOCTOllTenbHOH

pa3pa60TKH

npo6neMbl

HOBOH apXHT8KTypHOH

q>opMbl. nony<1HnO

pacnpOCTpaHeHHe

MH8HHe (OHO Hawno

OTpa>KeHHe

8 HOBOH apXHTeKType

H Ha CTpi!HH4i!X

apXHT8KTYPHOH

ne'laTH),

'ITO WHpOKO HCnOnb3YeMbl8

q>opMbl

nHWb «npaBA HBO» OTpa>KatoT

coapeMeHHYIO

q>yHK4HOHanbHO-KOHCTPYKTHBHYIO

oc–

a, TaK CK43aTb, C4MH

HOBy 3Ai!HHll,

T, e. 'ITO OHH He C03AaHbl

apXHTeKTOpOM - XYAO>KHHKOM,

« Bblpo cnH» Ha 6a3e

HOBOH CTpOHTenbHOH

TeXHHKH, 003TOMY

MHOrHe

C'IHTi!n H (H C'IHTi!toT)

anonHe

ecreCT88HHblM

34HMCT8084Tb

q>opMbl

Anll

CBOHX coopy>KeHHH

y pa3nH'IHblX

no–

crpoeK

«HOBOH apxHleKTYPbl>>

(npe>KAe

acero

H3 3apy6e>KHblX

06pa34oa).

B HOBblX apXHTeK–

TYPHblX q>opMax

'14CTO He BHAJIT TBOp'leCKOro

Ha'lana

(oHH OTO>KAeCTBnlltoTCll

C Heo6xOAH–

MblMH q>yHKL\HOHanbHblMH

H KOHCTPYKTHBHblMH

3neMeHTi!MH),

a aaropCKHH

BKnilA apXHTeK–

TOpa npH3Hi!eTCJI

nHWb

8 o6nacTH

XYAO>KeCTBeHHOrO

o6pua.

OAHaKO

C8ll3YIOLLIHM 388HOM M8>KAY . q>yHKL\ HOHanbHO-KOHCTPYKTHBHOH

0CH080H

coopy–

>KeHHll H ero XYAO>KeCT88HHblM

o6pa30M

llBnlleTCll

He npocTO

4BTOM4TH'l8CKH

nony'laeMall

T8Op'18CKall KOHL\801,\HJI apXHT8KTJPHOl'i ca,opMw . Ha

«npaBAHUlll»

q>opMa,

a onpeAeneHHall

6a3e OAHOH H TOH >Ke q>yHKL\HOHanbHO-KOHCTPYKTHBHOH

OCHOBbl MO>KeT 803HH KHYTb (H 803-

HHKaeT) MHO>KeCTBO pa3nH'IHblX

CHCTeM apXHT8KTYPHblX

q>opM. 3THM

8 3H4'1HTenbHOH

CTe–

neHH H onpeAenlleTCJI

OpHrHHanbHOCTb

H caMOCTOllTenbHOCTb

pa3nH'IHblX

Te'leHHH

H WKOn

coapeMeH HOH apXHTeKTypbt.

6e3 pa3pa60TaHHOH

caoeo6pa3HOH

KOH4en4HH

q>opMbt n106oe

opHrHH!I0bHH'laHH8

8 aonpocax

q>opMoo6pa3084HHll

OCTaeTCll CTHOH3il4H8H,

Ti!K Ki!K nOA06-

Hble «nOHCKH» 88AYTCJI Ha OCHOBe q>OpM, C03A4HHblX

APYrHMH,

All e1.1.1e K TOMy >Ke '14CTO

3K08KTH 'l8 CKH 3aHMCTBOBaHHblX

H3 pa3nH'IHblX

XYAO>K8CTBeHHO-KOMn03H4HOHHblX

CHCTeM.

B COBeTCKOH apXHTeKType

B 20-e r OAbl

aenHCb HHTeHCHBHble q>opManbH0-3CTeTH'leCKHe

noHCKH: apXHT8KTOpb t C03AaaanH

XYAO>KeCT88HHbl8

o6pa3bl

Ha OCH088 OpHrHHanbHblX

T80p–

K. MenbHHKOB,

11. JleOHHAOB,

11. OMHH,

'18CKHX KOH4en4HH - A. BeCHHH,

H. JlaAOBCKHH,

Jl. JlHCH4KHH H AP· CpeAH

C03AaTeneH

opHrHHanbHOH

KOH4en4HH

q>opMbl

n0'18TH08

M8CTO

H 11. ronocoa,

npH'18M

8 OT0H'IHe OT MHOrHX APYrHx He TOnbKO a ero np oeKTax;

apXHTeKTOpoa

ero

T80p'le–

3aHHMaeT

11. ronocoa

aecb–

CK08 KpeAo

Hawno

oTpa>KeHHe

TeopeTH'l8CKH

Ma nOAp06HO

H o6cTOJIT80bHO

H3nO>KHn CBOIO KOH4en4Hto

q>opMbl.

3THM o6CTOllT80bCT80M

8 3Hi!'IHT8nbHOH

CTeneHH 061>J1CHJl8TCJI H TO 6onbW08

MeCTO, KOTOpoe 0TBeA8HO

B npeAna–

11. ro –

raeMOH

'IHT4T8nto

KHHre paccMOTp8HHIO

T80p8TH'l8CKOH

'14CTH TBOp'leCKOrO

KpeAO

nocoaa.

B H4CT0JII.Llee apeMJI, Ha'IHHall c cepeAHHbl

70-x r0A0B,

KOrAa

B coae TCK0H apXHT8KType

o6ocTpHnHCb

T80p'leCKHe

npo6neMbl,

C8ll34HHbl8

C pa3pa60TKOH

apXHT8KTYPHO-XYA0>Kecr–

B8HH0ro

06pa3a

rop0A0B,

3A4HHH H 4HCaM6neH,

6onbW08

3H!l'leHH8

npH06peTaeT

H4Cn8AH8

C0B8TCKOH apXHTeKTYPbl,

oco6eHHO

Tex ee MllCTepoa,

B TB0p'18CKOH

K0H4en4 HH KOT0pblX

XYA0>KeCTBeHHble

npo6neMb l q>opM006pa3oa a HHJ1 HrpanH

6onbwy10

ponb.

l1nbll

ronocoa

0TH0CHTCJI HM8HH0 K TeM MaCTepaM,

03HaK0MneHHe

C TB0p'leCKHM

0nblT0M

KOTOpblX n0M0-

>K8T coaeTCKHM

apXHTeKT0p!IM

6onee

yrny6neHHO

pa6orarb

Hi!A XYAO>K8CTBeHH0H

q>opMOH,

BHHM4HHe

HM8HH0 K TB0p'lecray

ronocoaa

H4CTOJII.Llee apeMll

061>J1CHJ1eTCJI H T8M, 'IT0

8

OH yMen

8 p a3 nH'IH0H CTHnHCTH'leCKOH rpaKT0BKe

coxpaHHTb

CB0IO TB0p'leCKYIO

K0H4en4Hto

q>opM006pa3oaaHHll,

C03AIIBaTb

Bb1pa3HTenbHbl8

B XYA0>K8CTB8HH0M

OTHOW8HHH

np0H3Be –

A8HHll, no3T0MY

ocaoeHH8

ero TB0p'18CK0ro

HacneAHll

He CBJl311H0 C 311HMCTB0BaHHeM BHew–

H8CTHnHCTH'l8CKHX

q>opM H npHeMOB,

a 3IICTi!BnlleT

coapeMeHH0rO

apxHT8KT0pa

BHA8Tb rny-

6HHHbl8 q>opM006p a3yl0 11.\He OCH0Bbl npoq>eccHoHanH3Ma . npH HllnHCaHHH KHHrH 6blnH HCnonb30BaHbl

MH0r0 'I HCneHHble

paHee

HHK0rAa

He ny6-

0HK0BIIBWH8Cll

MIIT8pHanb l (npOeKTbl,

PYKOOHCH, A0KYM8HTbl

H T. A,), xpaHJII.LIH8Cll

8 l.leHT–

B ApXHT8KTypHOM

Ka6HH8Te

panbH0M

rocyAapcraeHHOM

apxHae

nHTepaTypbl

H HCKYCCTBa,

l.leHrpanbHOro

,D.oMa apXHT8KT0pa,

8 rocyAapCTB8HHOM

HIIY'IH0-HccneA0BaTenbCK0M

Mylee

8

H. ronocoaa

HM, A. B. l..Llyceaa,

a apxHae

apxHTeKTYPbl

H AP,