Мастера архитектуры • Илья Голосов

PA6O4J..1E KJ1Y6bl J..1 ,D.BOPLl,bl KY Jlb TYPbl

Pa6o4HH Kny6 CTan e 20-e rOAbl ea>KHeHWHM 04aroM pacnpocTpaHeHHH Hosoi:! co4HanHCTH4eCKoi1 KYllbTYPbl. Y>Ke e nepebIe nocnepeeomo4HoHHbIe rOAbl B ropoAax, nocenKax H cellbCKHX HaceneHHblX nyHKTax B03HHK/1H Kny6b1, KpaCHble yronKH, HapOAHble AOMa, H36bl-4HTa/lbHH H T, A · 3TH ew.e TO/lbKO 4>opMHpoeaewHeCS1 TOrAa HOBble THnbl o6w.ecTeeHHblX 3AaHHH paccMaTpHBa– /lHCb KaK 4eHTpbI H arHT84HOHHO-MaCCOBOH pa60Tbl, H nOBblWeHHSI KYllbTYP· HOrO ypoeHSI TPYAHW.HXCst,H oprai:tH3a4HH AOCyra WHpOKHX cnoee HaceneHHst. npoBOASITCSI KOHKypCbl Ha npoeKTbl pa3/1H4HblX THnOB Hoeoro KYllbTYPHO– npoceeTHTellbHOro y4pe>KAeHHSI. J..1. f 0/lOCOB Y48CTeyeT B KOHKypcax Ha npo– eKTbl THnoeoro cellbCKOro HapOAHOro AOMa (1920), HapOAHOro AOMa HMeHH B. J..1. JleHHHa e J..1eaHoeo-Bo3HeceHcKe (1924), npoeKTHpyeT HapoAHblH AOM A/1st pa3pa6oTaHHoro HM KOHKypcHoro npoeKTa pa6o4ero nocenKa fpo3- He4)Tb (1922) H T. A· Maccoeoe CTpOHTellbCTBO pa6o4HX Kny6oe H AOMOB KYllbTYPbl pa3eepHy– /10Cb BO BTOpOH nonoBHHe 20-x rOAOB, npH4eM Kny6b1 3THX neT KaK 6bl no– r/lOTH/lH H paCTBOpH11HB ce6e YHK4HH4enoro pHAa KYllbTypHO-MaCCOBblX H 3pe11HUJ.HblX3A8HHH. 3To npHeeno K ycno>KHeHHIO HX nporpaMMbl H K no– BblWeHHIO HX YHK4HOHa/lbHOHH KOMn03H4HOHHOH p011H B CHCTeMe >KH/lOro KOMnneKca. npaKTH4e CKH ace apXHTeKTOpbl B 20-e rOAbl C4HT811H,4TO pa604HH Kny6 AOll>KeH CBOHM BHeWHHM o6nHKOM BblAellstTbCst cpe AH PHAOBOH 3aCTpOHKH, OAHaKO nOAXOA K C03AaHHIO BHewHero 06111-tKaKny6a He 6bl/1 OAHHaKOBblM. K. MenbHHKOB, HanpHMep, pewan 3AaHHe Kny6a eAHHOH KpynHoi1 4>op– MOH, C03AaBaSI nerKO 3anOMHHa10w.y10cS1 KOMn03H4HIO (KaK npaBH/10, CHM– MeTpH4Hy10). nocneAOBaTellbHble CTOpOHHHIGH YHK4HOH8/lbHOro MeTOAa KOHCTPYKTHBH3ManpeAn04HTa/1H HCnO/lb30B8Tb npH npoeKTHpoeaHHH K•ny6oe npHeM naBH/lbOHHOro o6'beMHO-npocTpaHCTBeHHOro nocTpoeHHst 6e3 o6H3a– Te/lbHOro BblAeneHHSI rnaeHoro KOMn03H4HOHHOro aK4eHTa (npoeKTbl Bec– HHHblX), J..1. r 0/lOCOB npH npoeKTHpoeaHHH Kny6oe He CTpeMH/lCst C03A8B8Tb eAH– HYIO KpynH}'IO 4>opMy, He «co6 1-1pan» ace 3/leMeHTbl Kny6a B 06w.y10 4eTKYIO no 4>opMe nnacrn4ecKy10 KOMn03H4HIO (KaK 3TOAenan MenbHHKoe). OH co3- Aaea11 C/lO>KHble o6'beMHble nocTpoeHHSI, OAHaKO (e OT/1H4He OT Kny6oe Bec– HHHblX) rnaeHblH aK4eHT BO BHeWHeM o611HKe 3AaHHst OH ecerAa nepeHOCH/1 Ha OAHH H3 o6'beMHblX 311eMeHTOB KOMn03H4HH, pewast HMeHHO ero KpynHo H npeAellbHO naKOHH4HO, a ace OCTallbHble 3/leMeHTbl Hap04HTO ycno>KHS!st H H3Me11b4ast, 4T06b1 3pHTellbHO nOA4HHHTb HX 3TOH KpynHOH opMe (HnH, KaK OH ee Ha3bIea11, cy6'beKTHBHOH Macce). ,lJ.11S1 nOA4epKHBaHHH rnaeeHcTey10w.ei1 ponH KpynHO peweHHoro 3/leMeHTa B o6w.ei1 KOMn03H4HH (o6bl4HO, aCHM– MeTpH4HOH) OH HCn011b30Ban npHeMbl AHHaMH4HOro nocTpoeHHSI , KOHTpaCTbl CTeK11aH rnyxoi1 CTeHbl. B nocTpoeHHOM no npoeKTY J..1. r onocoea Kny6e HM. 3yeea e MocKee (1927-1929) eepTHKallbHblH CTeKllSIHHblH 4H11HHAP necTHH 4HOH KlleTKH KaK 6b1 npope3aeT ropH30HTa/lbHblH napannenenHneA eepxHero 3Ta>Ka, HBllststCb rnaBHblM KOMn03H4HOHHblM 31leMeHTOM CllO>KHOHH B AOCTaTO"fHOHCTeneHH paC4/leHeHHOH o6'beMHOH KOMn03H4HH 3AaHHSI. Co4eTaHHe 4H11HHApa H napannenenHneAa - OAHH H3 H31110611eHHblX 163

Made with FlippingBook - Online magazine maker