Мастера архитектуры • Илья Голосов

KOB KOHCTPYKTHBH3Ma,a B 30-e rOAbl OH, KaK H MHOrHe aBTOpbl B TOT ne– pHOA, ou,eHHBan see HOBaTOpCKHeTe4eHH.R20-x rOAOB (e TOM 4HCne H WKony 1-1. ronocoea) eecbMa KpHTH4eCKH, o6paw,a.R eHHMaHHe rnaeHblM o6pa30M Ha Bbl.RBneHHe «OWH604Hb1X» nono>KeHHH B HX TBOp4eCKHX KpeAO, BoT KaK ou,eHHean P. XHrep e 1933 r. e OAHOH H3 ceoHx cTaTei1 TBOp4e– CKoe KpeAo 1-1. ronocoea 1920-1922 rr.: «Teopern4ecKa.R KOHu,enu,H.R rono– coea Toro epeMeHH He ornH4anacb oco6eHHoi1 .RCHOCTblO nono>KeHHH H cpop– My nHpoeoK, HO OHa Cblrpana pewaiow,yio ponb B C03AaHHH HOBblX cpopM nocnepeeoniou,HoHHOH «na6opaTopHoi1» apxHTeKTypbI 1920-1922 rr. «AHHa– MHKa» cpacaAOB H nnaHOB, CABHrH o6beMOB H nnocKOCTei1, 3KCnpecCH.Ro6Ha– >KeHHblX Mace, KynbTHBHpoeaHMe cnHpanH KaK HaH6onee «CTpeMHTenbHOH» nHHHH H T. A,- see 3TH cpopManbHble 4epTbl Hawei1 paHHei1 «neeoi1» apxH– TeKTYPbl 6bl/1H B 3Ha4HTenbHOH Mepe nopO>KAeHHeM WKOnbl 1-1. ronocoea» I • A BOT 4TO nHcan O TBOp4eCKHX n03HU,H.RX WKOnbl 1-1. ronocoea 1920- 1922 rr. P. XHrep e eb1WeAwei1 e TOM >Ke 1933 r. KHHre «nyrn apxHTeKTyp– Hoi1 MblCnH»: «... C03Aaeanacb nony4HBWa.R TOrAa w1-1p0Koe pacnpocTpaHeHHe TeopH.si «apxHTeKTypHblX Mace», «apxHTeKTYPHOro opraHH3Ma», «ABH>KeHH.Re apxH– TeKType», «pHTMa» H T. A, ApxHTeKTypHa.R MOnOAe>Kb.•. o6pyWHBanacb Ha aKaAeMH4eCKHe TpaAHU,HH,, , BblABHra.R KaK OAHO H3 cpeACTB TBOp4eCKOro eocnHTaHH.R apxHTeKTopa MeTOA orene4eHHblX na6opaTopHblX pa60T HaA OCHOBHblMH3/leMeHTaMH H nOH.RTH.RMH apXHTeKTYPbl H apXHTeKTYPHOH KOM– no3HU,HHcoopy>KeHH.R (MaCWTa6HOCTb, MOAYnbHOCTb, nponopu,HH, pHTM, Mac– ca, ABH>KeHHe,opraHH3M H np.) nOA yrnoM 3peHH.R «Bblpa>KeHH.RHAeM». no- 4epnHye B 3THX OTBne4eHHblX pa60Tax npHHU,Hnbl «Bb1pa3HTenbHOH» KOMn0- 3HU,HH,MOnOAe>Kb nepeXOAHna Ha ee OCHoee K KOHKpeTHblM apxHTeKTypHblM pa6oTaM H apXHTeKTYPHOMY npoeKTHpoeaHHIO, rAe CTpeMHnHCb rnaBHblM o6- pa30M C03AaBaTb «BbIpa3HTenbHble cpopMbl», OTBe4alOW,He «HAee 3AaHH.R» H nOA4epKHBalOW,He ee. TaKHM nyTeM WnH nOHCKH HOBblX apXHTeKTypHblX cpopM, C03BY4HbIX peeonlOU,MH. , , • , .apxHTeKTypHblH cpopManH3M 3nOXH eoeHHoro KOMMYHH3Ma HOCHn ne- 4aTb npeAB3.RTOH /lHTepaTypW,HHbl H YMblW/leHHOH CHMBO/lHKH, rAe Ka>KAa.R cpopMa H KOM6HHaU,M.RcpopM paccMaTpHeanHCb KaK ycnOBHble HOCHTenH onpeAeneHHblX HAei1 H 3MOU,Hi1 pa3Hoo6pa3Horo xapaKTepa («KeaApaT– cpopMa, He HMeiow,a.R ABH>KeHH.R», «Ky6 Bblpa>KaeT noKOH», «CABHr nnocKo– CTeH H/lH o6beMOB C03AaeT ABH>KeHHe» H T, A,). ct>opManH3M WKOnbl 1920- 1922 rr. 6b1n, TaKHM o6pa30M, CHMeOnH4eCKHM cpopManH3MOM, OTCIOAa He– .RCHOCTb H pacnnblB4aTOCTb TeopeTH4eCKHX nono>KeHHH 3TOH pa3HOBHAHOCTH cpopMa/1H3Ma, TaK KaK B03MO>KHOCTHnpeAB3.RTOro «cpHnococpcKoro HCTO/lKO– eaHH.R» nio6oi1 cpopMbl 6bl/1H 6e3rpaHH4Hbl. OTCIOAa >Ke H TOT Heeepo.RTHblH pa3ryn cpaHTa3HH H cpopManbHOrO H306peTaTe/lbCTBa, KOTOpblH Ha6nl0Aancst B 1920-1922 rr. BapXHTeKrypHblX npoeKrax pOMaHTHKO-CHMBOnH4eCKOHWKO– nbl, pa3ryn, KOTOpOMY npHHOCHnHCb B ' >1KHOCTM H KOTOpblH no3TOMY BblnHBanc.R B «MaHHnOBW,HHY», B Me4TaTe/lbHO-Hecypa3Hble cpopMbl» 2 •

1 XHrep P. ApxHTeKrop "1. A. ronocoa.-ApxHTeKTYPa CCCP, 1933. N!?1.- C. 22. 2 XHrep P.St nyrH apx HTeKTYPHOHMbtcnH 1917-1932 rr.-M., 1933.- C. 11-15 ,

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