C H A P T E R 5 0
Introduction to the kidneys and the urinary tract
801
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ONLINE RESOURCES
An extensive range of additional resources to enhance teaching
and learning and to facilitate understanding of this chapter may
be found online at the text’s accompanying website, located on
thePoint at
These include Watch and
Learn videos, Concepts in Action animations, journal articles,
review questions, case studies, discussion topics and quizzes.
WEB LINK
For a virtual tour of the kidneys and urinary tract, visit
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Barrett, K. E. & Ganong, W. F. (2010).
Ganong’s Review of Medical
Physiology
(23rd edn). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Danziger, J., Zeidel, M. D., Parker, M. J. & Schwartzstein, R. M.
(2012).
Renal Physiology: A Clinical Approach.
Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Eaton, D. C., Pooler, J. P. & Vander, A. J. (2013).
Vander’s Renal
Physiology
(8th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Goodman, L. S., Brunton, L. L., Chabner, B. & Knollmann, B. C.
(2011).
Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics
(12th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Guyton, A. & Hall, J. (2011).
Textbook of Medical Physiology
(12th edn)
.
Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
Porth, C. M. (2011).
Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts
of Altered Health States
(3rd edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Porth, C. M. (2009).
Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health
States
(8th edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Rennke, H. G. & Denker, B. M. (2013).
Renal Pathophysiology:
The Essentials
(4th edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.
C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G
Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in
Appendix A at the back of this book.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Select the best answer to the following.
1.
During severe exertion, a man may lose up to 4 L of
hypotonic sweat per hour. This loss would result in:
a.
decreased plasma volume.
b.
decreased plasma osmolarity.
c.
decreased circulating levels of ADH.
d.
return of body fluid balance to normal after
ingestion of 100 mL of water.
2.
Urine passes through the ureter by:
a.
osmosis.
b.
air pressure.
c.
filtration.
d.
peristalsis
3.
When describing renal reabsorption to a group of
students, the instructor would identify it as the
movement of which of the following?
a.
substances from the renal tubule into the blood
b.
substances from the blood into the renal tubule
c.
water that is increased in the absence of ADH
d.
sodium occurring only in the proximal tubule
4.
Considering the functions of the kidney, if a person
lost kidney function, a nurse or midwife would
expect to see:
a.
increased red blood cell count.
b.
decreased fluid volume.
c.
electrolyte disturbances.
d.
decreased blood pressure.
5.
Blood flow to the nephron differs from blood flow to
other tissues in that:
a.
the venous system is not involved in blood flow
around the nephron.
b.
there are no capillaries in the nephron allowing
direct flow from artery to vein.
c.
efferent and afferent arterioles allow for
autoregulation of blood flow.
d.
the capillary bed has a fenestrated membrane to
allow passage of fluid and small particles.
6.
Concentration and dilution of urine is controlled by:
a.
afferent arterioles.
b.
the renin–angiotensin system.
c.
aldosterone release.
d.
the countercurrent mechanism.
