C H A P T E R 5 6
Introduction to the gastrointestinal system
895
C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G
Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in
Appendix A at the back of this book.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Select the best response to the following.
1.
After teaching a group of students about GI activity
and constipation, the instructor determines that
the teaching was successful when the students state
which of the following about constipation?
a.
It results from increased peristaltic activity in the
intestinal tract.
b.
It occurs primarily when one does not have a
daily bowel movement.
c.
It leads to decreased salt and water absorption
from the large intestine.
d.
It can be artificially induced by increasing the
volume of the large intestine.
2.
In explaining the importance of the pancreas to a
nursing or midwifery student, the instructor would
explain that the pancreas:
a.
is primarily an endocrine gland.
b.
secretes enzymes in response to an increased
plasma glucose concentration.
c.
neutralises the hydrochloric acid secreted by the
stomach.
d.
produces bile.
3.
Gastrin:
a.
stimulates acid secretion in the stomach.
b.
secretion is blocked by the products of protein
digestion in the stomach.
c.
secretion is stimulated by acid in the duodenum.
d.
is responsible for the chemical or gastric phase of
intestinal secretion.
4.
When explaining the control of the activities of
the GI tract—movement and secretion—it would
be most accurate to state that the GI is basically
controlled by:
a.
the sympathetic nervous system.
b.
the parasympathetic nervous system.
c.
local nerve reflexes of the GI nerve plexus.
d.
the medulla in the brain stem.
5.
The presence of fat in the duodenum causes:
a.
acid indigestion.
b.
decreased acid production.
c.
increased gastrin release.
d.
contraction of the gallbladder.
6.
The basic type of movement that occurs in the small
intestine is:
a.
peristalsis.
b.
mass movement.
c.
churning.
d.
segmentation.
7.
Most of the nutrients absorbed from the GI tract
pass immediately into the portal venous system and
are processed by the liver. This is possible because
almost all absorption occurs through:
a.
the lower section of the stomach.
b.
the top section of the large intestine.
c.
the small intestine.
d.
the ileum.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
Select all that apply.
1.
The chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain is
activated by which of the following?
a.
stretch of the uterus
b.
stretch of the bladder
c.
decreased GI activity
d.
radiation
e.
cell death
f.
extreme pain
2.
Acid production in the stomach is stimulated by
which of the following?
a.
protein in the stomach
b.
calcium products in the stomach
c.
high levels of acid in the stomach
d.
alcohol in the stomach
e.
low levels of acid in the stomach
f.
histamine-2 stimulation
3.
When describing the action of pancreatic digestive
enzymes in breaking down substances, which
substances would the instructor include?
a.
gastric acid
b.
fats
c.
proteins
d.
sugars
e.
bile
f.
lipids
