65
Figure 12:
Mixing of legal with illegal wood, including in pulp, chips and paper is the far most common way to hide the import of
illegally procured timber.
Illegal cutting
Milling
Transport
Exporting
Exporting
Smuggling
Cutting
Re-importing
Country
A
Country
B
Protected
area
Plantation
Concession
Getting "permits"
through bribes
Fake documents attesting
production from
plantations
Getting "cross
border permits"
through bribes
Cutting down in and
around palm oil
plantations
Cutting down in and
around palm oil
plantations
Underreport actual
capacity and production
in mills with a modest
legal production
Hacking to obtain
false road transport or
logging permits
Cutting beyond
concessions
Cutting wider
along road
corridors
Mixing illegal timber
with legal local
timber
Roundwood is processed into
paper, chips or paper before
exporting, making traceability
very difficult or impossible
Illegal logging and log laundering
Legal operation
Laundering operation
Illegal operation
