81
Through Optimum Use and Innovation of Welding and Joining Technologies
Improving Global Quality of Life
I
Needs and challenges
of major industry sectors
for future applications
9.1
Energy sector .................................................................................................................................... 83
9.1.1
Energy consumption and power generation ............................................................................... 84
9.1.2
Power – Fossil ..................................................................................................................................... 86
9.1.3
Hot topics .......................................................................................................................................... 90
9.1.4
Power – Nuclear................................................................................................................................ 90
9.1.5
Hot topics .......................................................................................................................................... 94
9.1.6
Power - Hydro.................................................................................................................................... 94
9.1.7
Hot topics .......................................................................................................................................... 95
9.1.8
Power - Renewable .......................................................................................................................... 96
9.1.9
Hot topics .......................................................................................................................................... 97
9.2
Manufacturing sector ...................................................................................................................... 97
9.2.1
Joining technology in the production process - Actual status and trends ............................... 97
9.2.2
Production using joining technology and economic viability .................................................... 98
9.2.3
Visions for joining technology optimised for processes .............................................................. 102
9.2.4
Production using joining technology and research ................................................................... 103
9.2.5
Hot topics ........................................................................................................................................ 103
9.3
Oil and gas sector .......................................................................................................................... 103
9.3.1
Offshore and onshore – Oil and gas ............................................................................................ 104
9.3.2
Hot Topics ........................................................................................................................................ 106
9.3.3
Hyperbaric welding........................................................................................................................ 106
9.3.4
Hot topics ........................................................................................................................................ 107
9.4
Pipeline sector ................................................................................................................................ 107
9.4.1
Background..................................................................................................................................... 107
9.4.2
Technology trends.......................................................................................................................... 108
9.4.3
Natural and CO
2
gas pipelines ..................................................................................................... 109
9.4.4
Testing of pipes ............................................................................................................................... 110
9.4.5
Hot topics ........................................................................................................................................ 111
9.4.6
Emerging technologies.................................................................................................................. 111
9.5
Pressure equipment sector............................................................................................................ 111
9.5.1
Future of the industry ..................................................................................................................... 112
9.5.2
Residual stress estimates for fitness for service (FFS) ................................................................... 114
9.5.3
Hot topics ........................................................................................................................................ 115
9.6
Automotive sector.......................................................................................................................... 116
9.6.1
Industry trends................................................................................................................................. 117
9.6.2
Materials development ................................................................................................................. 119
9.6.3
Welding processes and challenges ............................................................................................. 119
9.6.4
Hot topics ........................................................................................................................................ 120
9.7
Mining, minerals and materials processing sector ...................................................................... 120
