Contents
v
CHAPTER 4
THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
75
Charles W. Olson, E. Harvey Estes, Jr., Vivian Paola Kamphuis,
Esben A. Carlsen, David G. Strauss, and Galen S. Wagner
Perspective
76
Three-Dimensional Electrocardiography
77
Depolarization—The QRS Vector Loop
78
The Vectorcardiogram
81
Recording a Vectorcardiogram
84
The Vectorcardiogram and the Electrocardiogram
85
Visualizing Vector Loops from the Electrocardiogram
87
SECTION II:
ABNORMAL WAVE MORPHOLOGY
CHAPTER 5
CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT
89
David G. Strauss, Ljuba Bacharova, Galen S. Wagner,
and Tobin H. Lim
Chamber Enlargement
90
Atrial Enlargement
91
Systematic Approach to the Evaluation of Atrial Enlargement
94
Ventricular Enlargement
96
Right-Ventricular Dilation
98
Right-Ventricular Hypertrophy
99
Left-Ventricular Dilation
102
Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy
104
Ventricular Enlargement
106
CHAPTER 6
INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION
ABNORMALITIES
117
David G. Strauss, Tobin H. Lim, and Galen S. Wagner
Normal Conduction
118
Bundle-Branch and Fascicular Blocks
119
Unifascicular Blocks
123
Bifascicular Blocks
131
Systematic Approach to the Analysis of Bundle-Branch and
Fascicular Blocks
140
Clinical Perspective on Intraventricular-Conduction Disturbances
143
CHAPTER 7
VENTRICULAR PREEXCITATION
149
Galen S. Wagner
Historical Perspective
150
Clinical Perspective
151
Pathophysiology
153
Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Ventricular Preexcitation
156
Electrocardiographic Localization of the Pathway of
Ventricular Preexcitation
159
Ablation of Accessory Pathways
162
