MANGANESE NODULES
41
Ecosystems of the abyssal plains are generally diverse and
have high infaunal densities but typically low abundance of
larger epifauna. The animals are likely characterised by very
high sensitivity and very low resilience to disturbance.
Scientific knowledge is limited in deep sea nodule environ-
ments in the western Pacific, but sufficient information exists
from the eastern Pacific to guide initial environmental man-
agement decisions.
Baseline studies of animal composition, distribution, abun-
dance, and environmental impact assessment are necessary
before exploitation begins, and they must be followed by reg-
ular monitoring programmes.
Multidisciplinary science is needed and will involve collabo-
ration among industry, academia, relevant communities or
interst groups and government agencies.
Key Messages for Environmental Management
Nodule mining in the deep sea will have impacts on affected
species and habitats. Impacts should be mitigated by effec-
tive management strategies that reflect both the ecosystem
approach and the precautionary approach.
Environmental management plans will be situation-specific,
but should include a combination of best-practice mining op-
eration to reduce environmental impacts and spatial manage-
ment that protects similar areas and communities from impact.
Successful management of deep sea mining is reliant on a co-
operative and integrated approach among all stakeholders.
Continuation of the wide-ranging involvement from mining
companies, policy makers, lawyers, managers, economists,
scientists, conservation agencies, non-government organi-
zations, and societal representatives will be an important
element in successful management of the deep sea minerals
sector in the Pacific Island region.
