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Chapter 31: Child Psychiatry
Figure 31.1-6
Moro reflex. (Reprinted with permission from Stone LJ, Church J.
Childhood and Adolescence
. 4
th
ed. NewYork: Random House 1979:14
with permission.)
Figure 31.1-5
Contrast between full-term (
A
and
B
) and premature (
C
and
D
) infants. Note the limp sprawl of the baby in
C
and the difficulty in raising the head
to clear the nose and mouth in
D.
(Reprinted from Stone LJ, Church J.
Childhood and Adolescence
. 4
th
ed. NewYork: Random House; 1979:7,
with permission.)
become intentional in their actions. By the end of the second
year of life, children begin to use symbolic play and language.
Jean Piaget (1896–1980), a Swiss psychologist, observed
the growing capacity of young children (including his own) to
think and to reason. An outline of the Piaget’s stages of cogni-
tive development is presented in Table 31.1-4.
Emotional and Social Development.
By the age of
3 weeks, infants imitate the facial movements of adult care-
givers. They open their mouths and thrust out their tongues in
response to adults who do the same. By the third and fourth
months of life, these behaviors are easily elicited. These imita-
tive behaviors are believed to be the precursors of the infant’s
