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he musculoskeletal system includes the bones, joints,
and muscles of the body together with associated
structures such as ligaments and tendons. This system,
which constitutes more than 70% of the body, is sub-
ject to a large number of disorders causing pain and
disability in people of all ages. The main discussion in
this chapter focuses on injuries, infections, necrosis, and
neoplasms of the musculoskeletal system. At the end of
the chapter, disorders of skeletal growth and develop-
ment in children are discussed.
Injury andTrauma of
Musculoskeletal Structures
A broad spectrum of musculoskeletal injuries results
from numerous physical forces, including blunt tis-
sue trauma, disruption of tendons and ligaments,
and fractures of bony structures. Many of the forces
that cause these injuries are typical for a particular
age group, activity, or environmental setting.
1
The
most common causes of childhood injuries are falls,
bicycle-related injuries, and sports injuries. Trauma
resulting from motor vehicle accidents is ranked as
the number one killer of adults younger than 45 years
of age. Falls are the most common cause of injury in
people 65 years of age and older, with fractures of
the hip and proximal humerus particularly common
in this age group.
T
Disorders of
the Skeletal
System: Trauma,
Infections,
Neoplasms,
and Childhood
Disorders
43
C h a p t e r
Injury and Trauma of Musculoskeletal Structures
Sports-Related Injuries
Soft Tissue Injuries
Joint (Musculotendinous) Injuries
Strains and Sprains
Dislocations
Shoulder and Rotator Cuff Injuries
Knee Injuries
Hip Injuries
Fractures
Classification
Manifestations
Diagnosis and Treatment
Bone Healing
Complications of Fractures and Other Injuries
Bone Infections and Osteonecrosis
Infections—Osteomyelitis
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis
Osteonecrosis
Neoplasms
Benign Bone Tumors
Malignant Bone Tumors
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Metastatic Bone Disease
Skeletal Disorders in Children
Variations of Normal Growth and Development
Angular and Torsional Deformities
Genu Varum and Genu Valgum
Congenital Disorders
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Congenital Clubfoot
Juvenile Osteochondroses
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Scoliosis
Types of Scoliosis
Manifestations
Diagnosis and Treatment
