1152
U N I T 1 3
Integumentary Function
R E V I EW E X E R C I S E S
1.
Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering
disease caused by autoantibodies to constituents of
the dermal–epidermal junction.
A.
Explain how antibodies, which attack
glycoproteins in the lamina lucida and their
attachment to the hemidesmosomes, can cause
blisters to form (hint: see Fig. 45-5).
2.
“Allergy tests” involve the application of an
antigen to the skin, either through a small scratch
or intradermal injection.
A.
Explain how the body’s immune system is able
to detect and react to these antigens.
B I B L I O G R A P H Y
Ali SM, Yosipovitch G. Skin pH: from basic science to basic skin
care.
Acta Derm Venereol.
2013;93:261–267.
Boissy RE, Spritz RA. Frontiers and controversies I. The
pathobiology of vitiligo: separating the wheat from the chaff.
Exp
Dermatol.
2009;18:583–585.
Boulais N, Misery L. The epidermis: a sensory tissue.
Eur J Dermatol.
2008;18(2):119–127.
Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M. Pathophysiology and therapy of pruritus
in allergic and atopic diseases.
Allergy.
2010;65:805–821.
Colella G, Vicidomini A, Soro V, et al. Molecular insights into the
effects of sodium hyaluronate preparations in keratinocytes.
Clin
Exp Dermatol.
2011;37:516–520.
Curtis BJ, Radek KA. Cholinergic regulation of kera tinocyte innate
immunity and permeability barrier integrity: new perspectives
in epidermal immunity and disease.
J Invest Dermatol.
2012;132:28–42.
Greaves MW. Pathogenesis and treatment of pruritus.
Curr Allergy
Asthma Rep.
2010;10:236–242.
Ilkovitch D. Role of immune-regulatory cells in skin pathology.
J Leukoc Biol.
2011;89:41–49.
Kazmi P, Draelos ZD, Volz ED. Method of detection of ashen skin.
European Patent No. EP 2371349
. Munich, Germany: European
Patent Office; 2012.
Kirkup MEM. Xerosis and stasis dermatitis. In: Norman R, ed.
Preventive Dermatology
. London, UK: Springer; 2010:71–79.
Lo KK. How to tackle my dry skin problem?
Hong Kong J Dermatol
Venereol.
2011;19:183–185.
Misery L, Stander S, eds.
Pruritus
. London, UK: Springer; 2010.
Nazarko L. Understanding and treating a common dermal problem:
pruritus.
Br J Community Nurs.
2008;13:302–308.
Schwanke J. Basic training: encourage proper skin care regimens
before exploring alternatives.
Dermatol Times.
2011:42–45.
Spritz RA. The genetics of vitiligo.
J Invest Dermatol.
2011;17:E18–E20.
Storm CA, Elder DE. The skin. In: Rubin R, Strayer DS, eds.
Rubin’s
Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine
. 5th ed.
Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:999–1006.
Taïeb A, Picardo M. Vitiligo.
N Engl J Med.
2009;360(2):160–169.
Vlahova L, Doerflinger Y, Houben R, et al.
Br J Dermatol.
2012;166:1043–1052.
Zachariae R, Lei U, Haedersdal M, et al. Itch severity and quality
of life in patients with pruritus: preliminary validity of a Danish
adaptation of the itch severity scale.
Acta Derm Venereol.
2012;29:508–514.
Porth Essentials Resources
Explore these additional resources to enhance learning
for this chapter:
•
NCLEX-Style Questions and Other Resources
on
,
•
Study Guide for Essentials of Pathophysiology
•
Adaptive Learning | Powered by PrepU,
prepu
■■
Pigmentary skin disorders involve the
melanocytes. In some cases, there is an absence
of melanin production, as in vitiligo or albinism.
In other cases, there is an increase in melanin or
some other pigment, as in melasma.
■■
Pruritus, an unpleasant sensation of itch leading
to the desire to scratch, may occur with both skin
and systemic disorders.
■■
Dry skin, also called xerosis, may be a natural
occurrence, as in the drying of skin associated
with aging, or occur as a result of a skin or
systemic disorder.
■■
Normal variations in skin structure and skin tones
often make evaluation of dark skin difficult.
SUMMARY CONCEPTS
(continued)
