30
U N I T 1
Cell and Tissue Function
R E V I EW E X E R C I S E S
1.
Persons who drink sufficient amounts of alcohol
display rapid changes in central nervous system
function, including both motor and behavioral
changes, and the odor of alcohol can be detected
on their breath.
A.
Use the concepts related to the lipid bilayer
structure of the cell membrane to explain these
observations.
2.
Tattoos consist of pigments that have been injected
into the skin.
A.
Explain what happens to the dye once it has been
injected and why it does not eventually wash away.
3.
Insulin is synthesized in the beta cells of the
pancreas as a prohormone and then secreted as an
active hormone.
A.
Using your knowledge of the function of DNA,
the RNAs, the endoplasmic reticulum, and
the Golgi complex, propose a pathway for the
synthesis of insulin.
4.
Mitochondrial disorders, whether due to mutations
in mitochondrial or nuclear genes, often produce
muscle weakness, sometimes with severe involvement
of the muscles that move the eyes, other neurologic
symptoms, lactic acidosis, and cardiomyopathy.
A.
Mitochondrial disorders that are responsible
for these manifestations are often classified
as mitochondrial encephalomyopathies.
Propose an explanation for the propensity to
develop encephalopathies and myopathies with
mitochondrial disorders rather than disorders
of other body systems such as the kidney or
digestive tract.
B.
Relate the function of the mitochondria in terms
of oxidative metabolism to the development of
lactic acidosis.
5.
The absorption of glucose from the intestine
involves a cotransport mechanism in which the
active primary transport of sodium is used to
provide for the secondary transport of glucose.
A.
Hypothesize how this information might be
used to design an oral rehydration solution for
someone who is suffering from diarrhea.
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