C h a p t e r 2 7
Disorders of the Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract
673
R E V I EW E X E R C I S E S
1.
A 23-year-old man is recovering after the acute
phase of a cervical (C6) spinal cord injury with
complete loss of motor and sensory function
below the level of injury. He is now experiencing
spastic bladder contractions with involuntary and
incomplete urination. Urodynamic studies reveal
spastic contraction of the external sphincter with
urine retention and high bladder pressures.
A.
Explain the reason for the involuntary urination
and incomplete emptying of the bladder despite
high bladder pressures.
B.
What are possible complications associated with
overdistention and high pressure within the
bladder?
2.
A 66-year-old woman complains of leakage of
urine during coughing, sneezing, laughing, or
squatting down.
A.
Explain the source of this woman’s problem.
B.
One of the recommended treatments for stress
incontinence is the use of Kegel exercises, which
focus on strengthening the muscles of the pelvic
floor. Explain how these exercises contribute
to the control of urine leakage in women with
stress incontinence.
3.
A 26-year-old woman makes an appointment with
her health care provider, complaining of urinary
frequency, urgency, and burning. She reports that
her urine is cloudy and smells abnormal. A urine
dipstick indicates the presence of infection, a urine
sample is obtained for culture, and she is given a
prescription for antibiotics.
A.
What microorganism is most likely responsible
for the infection?
B.
What factors may have predisposed her to this
disorder?
C.
What could this woman do to prevent future
infection?
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