752
U N I T 8
Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Function
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis C for
health professionals. 2012. Available at:
hepatitis.HCV. Accessed August 28, 2013.
15. Blackard JT, Shata MT, Shira NJ, et al. Acute hepatitis C: a
chronic problem.
Hepatology.
2008;27(1):321–331.
16. Rizzetto M, Ciancio A. Epidemiology of hepatitis D.
Semin Liver
Dis.
2012;32:211–219.
17. Ghany MG, Strader DB, Thomas DL, et al. Diagnosis,
management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. 2009
practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of
Liver Diseases.
Hepatology.
2009;49:1335–1374.
18. Lok A, McMahon B. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. 2009
practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of
Liver Diseases.
Hepatology.
. 2009;50:1–36.
19. American Association for Study of Liver Disease.
Recommendations for Testing, Managing and Treating Hepatitis
C. Available at:
. Revised March
21, 2012. Accessed May 2, 2014.
20. Heneghan M, Yeoman AD, Verma S, et al. Autoimmune
hepatitis.
Lancet.
2013;382:1433–1444.
21. Stravitz RT, Kramer DJ. Acute liver failure. In: Boyer T, Manns
M, Sayal A, eds.
Zakim and Boyer’s Hepatology: A Textbook
of Liver Disease
. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders;
2012:327–251.
22. Selmi C, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME, et al. Primary biliary
cirrhosis.
Lancet.
2011;377:1600–1609.
23. Correia MA. Drug biotransformation. In: Katzung BG, Masters
SB, Trevor AJ, eds.
Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
. 12th ed.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2012:53–68.
24. Davern TJ. Drug induced liver disease.
Clin Liver Dis.
2012;16:231–245.
25. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, et al., eds.
Robbins and Cotran
Pathologic Basis of Disease
. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders
Elsevier; 2010:412–414.
26. Lieber CS. Metabolism of alcohol.
Clin Liver Dis.
2005;9:1–35.
27. Lucey MR, Mthurin P, Morgan TP. Alcoholic hepatitis.
N Engl J
Med.
2009;360(26): 2758–2769.
28. O’Shea RS, Dasarathy S, McCullough A. AASLD
practice guidelines for alcoholic liver disease.
Hepatology.
2010;51:307–328.
29. Lomonaco R, Sunny N, Bril F, Cusi K. Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease: current issues and novel treatment approaches.
Drugs.
2013;73:1–14.
30. Pacano T, Sanyal A. Vitamin E and nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.
2012;15:641–648.
31. Starr SP, Raines D. Cirrhosis: diagnosis, management, and
prevention.
Am Fam Physician.
2011;84(12):1353–1359.
32. Lefton HB. Diagnosis and epidemiology of cirrhosis.
Med Clin
North Am.
2009;93:787–799.
33. Toubia N, Sanyal AJ. Portal hypertension and variceal
hemorrhage.
Med Clin North Am.
2008;92:351–374.
34. Runyon BA. Management of adult patients with ascites due to
cirrhosis.
Hepatology.
2013;57:1651–1653.
35. McQuaid KR. Esophageal varices. In: Papadakis MA, McPhee
SJ, eds.
Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment
. 52nd ed.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2013:601–604.
36. Arroyo V, Fernandez J. Management of hepatorenal syndrome in
patients with cirrhosis.
Nat Rev Nephrol.
2011;7:517–526.
37. Sundaram V. Hepatic encephalopathy: pathophysiology and
emerging therapies.
Med Clin North Am.
2009;93:819–836.
38. Rose CF. Ammonia lowering strategies for the treatment of
hepatic encephalopathy.
Clin Pharmacol Ther.
2012;92:321–331.
39. Merion RM. Current status and future of liver transplantation.
Semin Liver Dis.
2010;30:411–421.
40. Parikh S, Hyman D. Hepatocellular cancer: a guide for the
internist.
Am J Med.
2007;120:194–202.
41. Forner A, Llovet JM, Bruix J. Hepatocellular carcinoma.
Lancet.
2012;379:1245–1255.
42. Maluccio M, Covey A. Recent progress in understanding,
diagnosing, and treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
CA Cancer J
Clin.
2012;62:394–399.
43. Vogt DP. Gallbladder disease.
Cleve Clin J Med.
2002;69:977–984.
44. Strasberg SM. Acute calculous cholecystitis.
N Engl J Med
.
2008;358(26):2804–2811.
45. Bellows CF, Berger DH, Crass RA. Management of gallstones.
Am Fam Physician.
2005;72:637–642.
46. Gourgiotis S, Kocher HM, Solaini L, et al. Gallbladder cancer.
Am J Surg.
2008;196:252–264.
47. Hruban RH, Iacobuzio-Donahue C. The pancreas. In: Kumar V,
Abbas AK, Fausto N, et al., eds.
Robbins and Cotran Pathologic
Basis of Disease
. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier;
2010:891–904.
48. Klimstra DS, Stelow EB. The pancreas. In: Rubin R, Strayer DS,
eds.
Rubin’s Pathophysiology: Clinicopathologic Foundations
of Medicine
. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012:737–754.
49. Whitcomb DC. Acute pancreatitis.
N Engl J Med.
2006;354:2142–2150.
50. Carroll JK, Herrick B, Gipson T, et al. Acute pancreatitis:
diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Am Fam Physician.
2007;75:1513–1520.
51. Banks PA, Freeman ML; for the Practice Parameters Committee
of the American College of Gastroenterologists. Practice
guidelines for acute pancreatitis.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2006;101:
2379–2400.
52. Nair RJ, Lawler L. Chronic pancreatitis.
Am Fam Physician.
2007;76:1679–1688.
53. Forsmark CE. Management of chronic pancreatitis.
Gastroenterology.
2013;144:1282–1291.
54. Wolfgang CL, Herman JM, Laheru DA, et al. Recent progress in
pancreatic cancer.
CA Cancer J Clin.
2013;63:318–348.
55. Vincent A, Herman J, Schulick R, et al. Pancreatic cancer.
Lancet.
2011;607–620.
56. Kumar R, Herman JM, Wolfgang CL, Zeng L. Multidisciplinary
management of pancreatic cancer.
Surg Oncol Clin North Am.
2013;22:265–287.
Porth Essentials Resources
Explore these additional resources to enhance learning
for this chapter:
•
NCLEX-Style Questions and Other Resources
on
,
•
Study Guide for Essentials of Pathophysiology
•
Concepts in Action Animations
•
Adaptive Learning | Powered by PrepU,
prepu
