C h a p t e r 3 4
Organization and Control of Neural Function
853
R E V I EW E X E R C I S E S
1.
An event such as cardiac arrest, which produces
global ischemia of the brain, can result in a
selective loss of recent memory and cognitive
skills, while the more vegetative and life-sustaining
functions such as breathing are preserved.
A.
Use principles related to the development of
the nervous system and hierarchy of control to
explain why.
2.
Usually spinal cord injury or disease produces
both sensory and motor deficits. An exception is
infection by the poliomyelitis virus, which produces
muscle weakness and paralysis without loss of
sensation in the affected extremities.
A.
Explain using information on the cell column
organization of the spinal cord.
3.
The functions of the sympathetic nervous system
are often described in relation to the “fight-or-
flight” response. Using this description, explain
the physiologic advantage for the following
distribution of sympathetic nervous system
receptors:
A.
The presence of
β
2
receptors on the blood vessels
that provide blood flow to the skeletal muscles
during “fight or flight,” and the presence of
α
1
receptors on the resistance vessels that control
blood pressure.
B.
The presence of acetylcholine receptors on the
sweat glands that allow for evaporative loss
of body heat during “fight or flight,” and the
presence of
α
1
receptors that constrict the skin
vessels that control blood flow to the skin.
C.
The presence of
β
2
receptors that produce
relaxation in the detrusor muscle of the bladder
during “fight or flight,” and the presence of
α
1
receptors that produce contraction of the
smooth muscle in the internal sphincter of the
bladder.
B I B L I O G R A P H Y
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